iOS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. 



•Right here the sap fly, which I take to be Mycetobia pallipes,* tinda coagenial hab- 

 itat, and hundreds of trees are weakened by the flow of sap they cause, besides being un- 

 sighdy from the slimy frass running down their sides. Those we treat with a crude 

 carbolic acid emulsion sprayed over them : after a time, however, they agfain show them- 

 selves, and have to be treated again. 



The elm leaf-beetle is another pest that we have to fight, but witii the force of two 

 ■men, and miles of gronnd to cover, it is very difficult to keep ihis insect in subjection. 

 Our success has been in preventive measures rather than otherwise. However, we do 

 successfully destroy them when they have spread over the entire tree. As soon as the 

 first eggs are discovered on the leaves, about the 1st of June, we immediately poison the 

 foliage and keep them from spreading. When the larvt^ come down to pupate and collect 

 at the base of the tree, we treat them hy spraying with an emulsion of kerosene and 

 crude earbolic acid. In this way we destroy bushels of them, and with the spraying are 

 -able to keep them in check in our city parks. 



The pine Chermes [Chermes pinicortlcis) is another insect that is giving us a great 

 deal of trouble, but we can subdue it most effectually with a stiff spray. The tree is then 

 treated with the kerosene emulsion, and also those insects collected or washed down 

 around the base of the tree. This has to be done at least three times a year. For the 

 past seven years I have been using the stiff spray for different work, and it is one of the 

 best means 1 know of for cleaning maples of Pulvinaria. Three years ago Pidvinaria in- 

 numerahilis was very abundant on a great number of trees in our parks, and I treated 

 them with the hose and emulsion until I had them in fair subjection. The Chermes and 

 Pulvinaria were at one time taken off with corn brooms, but the spray is much more 

 efl'ectual, and gets in among the small twigs without breaking them. 



Scale insects are treated with wathes and taken off" with steel brushes, and are also 

 sprayed with an emulsion, which covers the smaller branches. Eriosoma Rileyi is com- 

 mon on our young elms, and these are treated with the kerosene and carbolic emulsion. 



The larvtB of the larger silk producers are collected and destroyed, as well as the 

 cocoons. Datanas are collected by hand, as they are assembled in masses, and destroyed. 

 The web-worm, always abundant in our parks, is collected either by taking down the twigs 

 or, if the tree is a valuable one, by twisting them out and crushing the larva-, 



Alypia octomaculata, fig. 60, (a) the caterpillar, (b) 

 a segment showing markings, (c) the moth), is abundant 

 where Ampelopsis is grown. These are effectually destroy- 

 ed with the London purple solution. 



The catalpa trees have been affected by a species of 



Cecidomyia, which causes the ends of the branches to 



turn black and break off. These are collected every year 



and destroyed before the larvae leave the twigs. Leaf- 



skeJetonizers are always abundant on many of our trees, 



and the Platanus and Liquidambar sptcies have suffered 



most. These insects are cut oft" as soon as they can be seen 



working and destroyed. If left for any length of time 



„. ^,., , , „, .,, ,,, they make the tree very unsightly. 



Fig. 60.— («) The caterpillar, (h) ■^ J is J 



a segment showing markhigs. (c) the Aphis species are treated with the kerosene emulsion 



after the colonies have been broken up with the stiff 

 •spray. I have found it impossiljle to get an emulsion to act upon many of the plant-lice 

 on account of the secretion ; but let me play the hose on them a short time and they are 

 disintegrated and demoralized, and many are killed outright by the shock ; then a tine 

 spray of emulsion will reach them more effectually than otherwise. The more I have occa- 

 sion to use a force of water the more I see the benefits that will accrue from it, especially 

 in economic entomological work, for larva; of many kinds can b^; knocked down by it, 

 and my men have brought me birds that they have knocked out of a tree and captured. 



.Mr. A. L). Hopkins says it is probably a species of Sciara. — K. U. S. 



