34 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARrO. 



This treatment is to spray infested trees at least twice during the winter with a strong 

 kerosene emulsion wash — the Riley-Hubbard emulsion diluted with only four parts 

 of water. This did no harm to the plum trees, but quite destroyed the scales. 



Canker-worms (Anisopteryx). There has been a good deal of enquiry during the 

 past season as to the best way to treat Canker-worms in orchards There can be no doubt 

 about the superiority of spraying with Paris-green over all other methods, where the trees 

 are small enough to be reached easily with an ordinary spraying nozzle ; but where trees 

 are old and large, some growers still prefer to use the old method of banding the trunks 

 of the trees with printers' ink and oil or some other viscid material. Mr. O. T. Springer, 

 of Burlington, Ont., uses a mixture consisting of castor oil, two pounds and resin, three 

 pounds, heated and thoroughly mixed. This is painted directly on the tree trunks in autumn 

 and spring, in Nova Scotia, printers'ink is reduced with fish oil, and this is painted on strips 

 of thick paper which have been previously tacked round the trunks. Mr, E. J. Armstrong, 

 of Church Street, Cornwallis, in the Annapolis valley, informed me, when enquiring why 

 he preferred banding to spraying, that the chief reasons were that the trees in Nova 

 Scotia were large, and it was the practice to grow other crops in the orchards, and, besides, 

 injury had been done by careless spraying. He gives the cost of this treatment about as 

 follows : Printers' ink is about twelve cents a pound ; twenty pounds of ink will require 

 four gallons of fish oil, at fifty cents a gallon. This amount will answer for an orchard 

 of five acres, the trees being of about twenty or thirty years. It will require about fifteen 

 pounds of paper^ at four cents a pound. This is cut with a saw from the roll in strips 

 six inches in width. Two men, armed with a sharp knife and a tack hammer, can go over 

 an orchard of five acres in half a day, the first man measuring the tree and cutting off 

 sufiicient paper to band it, the second one tacking it on. The ink is applied in autumn 

 and spring with a paint brush, and the paper put on in autumn is ready for the next 

 spring. 



The Cigar Case-bearer (Coleophora Fletcherella), which has done so much harm to 

 apples in Ontario and Nova Scotia during the past four or five years, and of which I 

 spoke last year, has been the cause of much loss again this year. Spraying with kerosene 

 emulsion, directly the young caterpillars begin to move out on to the buds in spring and 

 spraying regularly two or three times at short intervals of four or five days with Paris 

 green, one pound to 200 gallons, have both been attended with a measure of success ; but 

 this is an exceedingly diflicult insect to destroy, owing to the fact that the caterpillar 

 feeds mostly on the inside tissues of the leaf, merely eating a small hole through the out- 

 side skin so as to get at the inner tissues, which it mines out in a lar^e blotch mine as far 

 as it can extend its body from its case. Mr. Edwin Worden, of Oshawa, has, during the 

 past summer, sprayed his trees with a Paris green and lye wash, which he writes me has 

 been most satisfactory. The first time he used this remedy he sprayed with concentrated 

 lye only. This was about the middle of May, 1894, and Mr. Worden was under the 

 impression that the application had not killed many of the Case-bearers ; but the efi'ect 

 was very beneficial, and he could see distinctly where the spraying had been done by the 

 cleanness of the trees from moss and Oyster-Shell Bark-louse. Last summer he sprayed 

 again with three cans of concentrated lye and one quarter pound Paris green in forty -five 

 gallons of water, and secured the best of results ; he particularly states that the lye did 

 not injure the foliage at all. This spraying was done in the beginning of June, and Mr. 

 Worden's object was to destroy at the same time the Codling Moth, the Cigar Case-bearer 

 and the Oyster-Shell Bark-louse. No doubt many other pests would be killed at the same 

 time, such as the Canker-worm, Eye-spotted Bud-moth, Leaf Rollers, etc. 



The Peach Bark-borer [Phheotnbus Uminaris) which has for some years done so much 

 harm in the peach orchards of the Niagara Peninsula, has this year been successfully 

 treated by Mr. 0. E. Fisher, of Qaeenston. Noticing that the perfect beetles became 

 active very early in the spring, he washed his trees then with a strong alkaline wash to 

 which carbolic acid had been added. He made his wash as follows : Fivr? pounds of 

 washing soda, three quarts of soft soap, and enough water to make six gallons. Air- 

 slaked lime was then added sufficient to make it of the consistency of thick paint. To 

 all this was added three tablespoonfuls of Paris green and one ounce of carbolic acid. 



