70 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. 



danger of injury from the potato-stalk weevil (Trichobaris 3-notata), and I might cite 

 many other cases were it necessary. We should also set out the advantages of winter 

 work against many kinds of insects in orchard, vineyard and garden, and the desirability 

 of destroying by fire everything that comes under the head of rubbish. Especially 

 against certain kinds of hemiptera this sort of work would prove effective, and fire, 

 judiciously used, can be made a valuable friend. So, much of the pruning should be 

 done at this season, where the character of the plant warrants it, and if the cuttings be 

 burnt many ova of insects will be destroyed. But I am telling you old facts which 

 you do not care to hear. My purpose was not to offer them as information, but to 

 urge their more forcible presentation to the farmer, and to indicate that in my opinion 

 the future development of our dealings with insects will be along this line. * * * 



" On the whole, I may repeat, we have rather cause for congratulation than other- 

 wise. Our favorite branch of scientific investigation has made continuous and healthy 

 progress ; we have firmly established the reason for our existence and have impressed 

 the general public with a dawning of appreciation for the work we are doing. Our 

 session here will, I doubt not, improve our standing, and will at all events be profitable 

 to those taking part." 



Professor Fernald discussed interstate entomological problems with particular refer- 

 ence to the gypsy moth and the attempts to get the work against this insect undertaken 

 by the General Government. He referred also to the difficulties arising from the con- 

 flict of interests of different States. 



The first paper on the list, " Notes on Insecticides," was read by Mr. C. L. Marlatt, 

 in which he described at length a series of experiments that he had made in order to 

 thoroughly test the various apparatus that had been designed for spraying with kerosene 

 oil and water, the results of which were not entirely satisfactory. He then treated of 

 various insecticides, viz., soaps, arsenate of lead, cyanide of potassium and arsenite of 

 copper. 



AFTERNOON SESSION— AUGUST 27. 1895. 



A paper by Mr. H. E. Weed on " Some Experiments with the Knapsack Kerosene 

 Attachment," was read in his absence by Mr. Davis. In it the writer set forth the 

 advantages that are claimed for the use of this mechanical mixture of kerosene and water 

 over the familiar kerosene emulsion. It was followed by a paper by Mr. Clarence M. 

 Weed on " A Modification of the Kerosene Knapsack Sprayer," in which he reported a 

 series of tests of the knapsack sprayer with kerosene attachmeat, showing that the prin- 

 cipal machine now on the market is unreliable in its present form. The chief source of 

 error appears to be due to the continual differences of level in the kerosene and water 

 tanks. To avoid this a kerosene attachment had been made at the New Hampshire Ex- 

 periment Station, and was exhibited, of the same height as the water reservoir and hold- 

 ing one-tenth as much. A stopcock with a single hole one thirty-second of an inch in 

 diameter connected the kerosene reservoir with the pump. By this arrangement a fairly 

 constant spray having nine per cent, of kerosene in it was obtained. The opinion was 

 expressed that to get successful results we must abandon the idea of having a large range 

 of variation in one combination of reservoirs — i e., in expecting to get either a five per 

 cent, or a thirty per cent, emulsion by turning a stopcock at a less or greater angle. The 

 author believed that the kerosene sprayer was capable of great improvements along the 

 lines indicated, and thought it too great an advance in methods of insect warfare to be 

 lightly abandoned. 



The following communication on " Spraying Without a Pump," by Mr. J. M. Aid- 

 rich, was in the form of a letter to the Secretary, accompanying a working sample of the 

 apparatus. The apparatus itself and the manner of working it were described by the 



