ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. 71 



Secretary with the aid of blackboard illustrations. The following is an abstra,cb of the 

 letter : — The spraying device which was suggested by the author to the association last 

 year was again presented to call attention to two changes in the machine from the first 

 idea. First, it is necessary that the stream from the hydrant enter the lance within rather 

 than beyond the entering point of the insecticide ; second, the Nixon nozzle is entirely 

 inapplicable to this form of apparatus, for the reason that it chokes the flow so as to 

 destroy the suction in the insecticide tube. No nozzle has yet been devised free from 

 this objection, except a plain deflector tip. The author is aware that a deflector does not 

 give so good a spray as can be obtained in other ways, and hopes yet to overcome this 

 objection. 



The spraying device consists of a sort of lance, forked at the base. One fork con- 

 nects with a hose to a hydrant or water supply under pressure, and the other with a tube 

 leading into the vessel containing the insecticide. Both forks are provided with stopcocks. 

 The su<^tion caused by the passage of the water through the lance induces a flow through 

 the fork and hose leading from the insecticide. 



To use the apparatus, attach to an ordinary lawn hose by the large coupling. Turn 

 on the city water, and it will be at once perceived that there is a strong suction through 

 the small or insecticide tube, Put the end of this in a pail of water or kerosene, and, in 

 the case of the apparatus experimented with, sixteen per cent, of the total discharge 

 comes through it, the stopcock being wide open. By partly turning off" the stopcock the 

 proportion of kerosene can be reduced at pleasure, and the percentage may be indicated 

 by graduations on the back part of the stopcock. 



For Paris green, make up a pailful at the rate of one pound to twenty-five gallons of 

 water, and when drawn through the machine it will be diluted at the eight per cent, kero- 

 sene gauge mark to one pound to 150 gallons and thoroughly mixed. 



The device was experimented with by the inventor with a water-pressure of seventy- 

 five pounds, -which was inferred to be an average for city water. 



No claim to novelty for this device was made except in the application. The 

 principle is the same as that in the "jet pump " used for draining out barges, cel- 

 lars, etc. 



If the instrument deserves any name, it is suggested that it be called the Idaho 

 jet sprayer. 



Discussion of the foregoing papers followed. Mr. Southwick had canvassed the 

 question of spraying from hydrants in his work in Central Park, New York, but had 

 found it impracticable on account of the insufiicient pressure of the water and the small 

 number of hydrants. He said he was devising a steam pump which he hopei would give 

 greater satisfaction than any apparatus hitherto used. 



Mr. Davis suggested that any apparatus dependent on a constant water supply, as of 

 hydrants, would be more feasible in the West in connection with irrigation plants. 



Mr. Howard remarked that a stream produced by a pressure of seventy-five pounds to 

 the square inch, mentioned by Mr. Aldrich as obtained from his hydrants, was quite 

 sufficient to kill insects, with the exception of scales, without the addition of oil. 



Mr Lintner asked if the oil and water mixture referred to in the various apparatus 

 described in the papers could be properly considered an emulsion. 



Mr. Marlatt said that an oil emulsion was merely the breaking up of the oil into 

 minute globules in the emulsifying agent,and that on this basis the water and oil mixtuiO, 

 as long as permanent, was as properly an emulsion as the kerosene and milk mixture. 

 He referred also to the fact that emulsions are often made with solid ingredients, as 

 powdered lime. 



Mr. Southwick referred to a nozzle which had lately come under his observation, 

 which efiects the mixture of the insecticide element with water at the moment of spray- 

 ing. He had nob yet experimented with it. 



