256 RUTACEZE. 
Z. OXYPHYLLUM, Bagw. 
Hab.—Temperate and sub-tropical Himalaya: 
Z. HAMILTONIANUM, Wail. 
Hab.—Assam and Burma. 
-Z. BUDRUNGA, Wall 
Hab.—Tropical Himalaya. 
The carpels. 
Vernacular.—Z. Rhetsa, Rhetsa-maram (Tam.), Rhetsa- 
‘maum (Tel.), Jimmi-mara (Can.), Tisal, Triphal, Chirphal 
(Mar.). Z. alatum and Z. acanthopodium, Tambul (Beng.), 
Nipali-dhanya, Tumra, Tejphal, Darmar (Hind.). Z. Budrunga, 
Badrang (Hind.). 
History, Uses, &c.—Sanskrit writers call the carpels “— 
of Z. alatum and Z. acanthopodium by the name of Tumbura, 
which signifies “coriander”; the fruits of these trees are 50 
similar in appearance that. they can hardly be distinguished. 
They have the peculiar flavour of coriander, and are about 
the same size as that fruit. In Hindu medicine they are 
considered to be hot and dry. The Chinese also use. the 
carpels under the name of Hwa-tseaou or “ Pepper flower,” 
and in Japan the carpels of Z. piperitum are used. The 
Arabians appear to have obtained the carpels of Z. alatum 
or acanthopodium first from Northern India. Ibn Sina under 
the name of Faghireh (open-mouthed) describes them as “@ 
berry the size of a chick pea containing a black seed a8 
large as a hemp Seed, brought from Sakéla in Hindustan.” 
Sakala or Sangala was an ancient townin the Punjab, near 
the modern SanglawalaTiba or Sangla Hill. It is the Sangala 
of Alexander, and was visited by the Chinese pilgrim Hwen 
Thsang in A. D. 630; it had then a large Buddhist monastery 
and a stupe 200 feethigh. Haji Zein el Attér, who wrote A.D. 
_ 1368, gives a similar account of F4ghireh, and says that the. 3 
