AMPELIDEZL. 361 
_ The average percentages of alcohol in the wines most used 
in India are :—Marsala, 17-91; Madeira, 20°48; Port, 20-00; 
_ Sherry, 17°63; Malaga, 15-00; Sauterne, 15- 00; ' Bastia 
B 18°40 ; e Canuipapis; 11°60 to 12°77; Red Bordeaux, 8—11-00. 
: According to J. Kénig and C. Kranch, Black raisins contain : 
~ Water 23:18, Albuminous matter 2°72, Fat 0°66, Grape sugar 
$562, Other non-nitrogenous matter 14°12, Cellulose 1°94, Ash 
136. In the dry substance they found Nitrogen 0°56, Sugar 
_ ¢2:43 per cent. Sultana raisins examined by E. Mach and 
_ XK. Portele yielded —Water 20-4, Dextrose 30-2, Levulose 36-4, 
_ Pectin 1-86, Free acids 1:76, Malic acid 0°38, Argol 3°28, Inso- 
_ luble matter 5-0, Ash 2°03. In the dry substance the total — 
_ Sugar amounted to 83°66 per cent. (Kénig, Nahrungs-mittel.) 
The leaves of the vine gathered in the early summer contain, — 
s according to M. C. Neubaur, tartaric acid, bitartrate of potash, 
quercetin, quercitrin, tannin, starch, malic acid, gum, inosite, 
uncrystallizable sugar, oxalates of lime and ammonia, and _ 
phosphate aud sulphate of lime. In autumn the leaves contain 
much more quercetin and only a trace of quercitrin. Inosite 
and malic acid are no longer present. 
Commerce.—Grapes are produced in most parts of the table 
land of [ndia, along the coast the climate is too moist for vine 
cultivation. A very superior half-dried grape, resembling 
those sold in Europe, is brought from Cabul packed in chip 
boxes. The raisins found here are the Sultanas from Cabul 
and Persia, some of which, very large and of a pale greenish 
yellow colour, are called Angul Drakh; the black bloom raisins 4 ie 
Kala Drdkh) from the same countries, which are used for — 
medicinal purposes ; and an inferior kind, called ee 
ke the nudding raisins sold in England. 
Value, Indian grapes, 2 to 4 annas per lb. ; Cabul, ; anna 
‘per per, ogee about 100 grapes. 
