q ANACARDIACE. - 381 
often remains attached ; here may be seen an open stoma which 
communicates with the interior of the sac ; the apices are point- 
ed, often mucronate. The largest galls are an inch in length; 
some are no larger than a pea. The walls are thin, brittle, 
and translucent ; the taste acidulous, very astringent and 
slightly terebinthinous; the odour terebinthinous. Most of 
the sacs contain only a little fecal debris, but in some an aphis 
may be found. According to Lichtenstein this aphis (Anop- 
leura Lentisci) runs through the following stages :—The fecun- 
dated female deposits in May or June its eggs on the pis- 
tachio tree; these hatch into a wingless form, to which the 
_ pistachio gall owes its origin; the wingless form produces, 
withont being fecundated, another brood, which acquire wings 
and quit the gall and pass to the roots of certain grasses . 
(Bromus sterilis and Horduem vulgare), and then produce wing- 
less young, and these, after a longer or shorter series of wingless © 
. generations, until the period of swarming and of the appearance 
of the nymphs, furnish a winged sexual generation, which return 
_to the pistachio tree and again commence the cycle. 
= The fruit of the Pistachio is about the size of an olive, and 
consists of a moist reddish husk having an astringent taste and 
, terebinthinate odour, which encloses a white woody shell sepa- 
: rating into two valves and containing an angular almond having 
_ athin purplish red skin, within which are two green oily coty- — 
| 
; 
) 
re. ee ee 4 ee - 
Sage ee ON ee a ee 
Re Sa ei 
ledons having an agreeable somewhat terebinthinate flavour. 
- Rubbed with water the seed forms an emulsion. 
Chemical composition.—65 per cent. of the galls is solublein _ 
__-water, 75 per cent. in spirit and 31 per cent. in ether. They 
: contain 45 per cent. of tannin allied to gallo-tannic acid, besides- 
_ gallic acid, and 7 per cent. of a resin or oleo-resin to whet 
; 
: 
Se eter RPT EEG 
a the odour is due. 
MANGIFERA INDICA, Linn 
_ __ Fig.—Beddome Fl. Sylv., t. 162; Gart. Fruct., t 100. 
Mango tree (Eng.), Manguier (Fr.). se 
Hab.—East Indies. Cultivated elsewhere The rit os 
— Jeanie, flowers, bark and — ea a 
