4 soe ‘LEGUMINOS2. 465 
C: Ainslie notices the use of the gum by the natives on the 
: : Coromandel Coast as a remedy for toothache, but does not call 
: it kino, and it would appear not to have been an article of 
E export to Europe in his'time. From the Pharmacographia we 
: ~ learn that kino originally came from the river Gambia in West 
_ Africa under the name of Gummirabrum astringens Gambiense, 
and that it was prodaced by a tree called in the Mandingo 
language Kano, and which was afterwards identified with the 
Pterocarpus erinaceus of Poiret. In the Edinburgh Dispensa- 
tory of 1803, kino is described as coming from Africa and 
_ Jamaica, but in the 1811 edition, Duncan says that the African 
: drug is no longer to be met with, its place being supplied by 
_ kinos from Jamaica, the East Indies, and New South Wales. 
4 After this date the East Indian drug appears to have been 
Principally used, and when Wight and Royle (1844-46) proved 
its botanical origin it became recognised as the legitimate kino 
of the principal Pharmacopeeias of Europe. A description of * 
its collection on the Malabar Coast will be found in the Phar-. 
‘a. In the Canara District of the Bombay Presi- 
dency’ it. is collected in little cups made with leaves,- and 
consequently assumes the form of concavo-convex cakes, 3 to 4 
inches in diameter; these are always broken up and garbled 
by the wholesale dealers. Malabar kino is mostly reserved 
for the Huropean market, there is little demand for it in 
native practice, Dragon’s blood and Butea kino taking its place. 
The bark of the tree is used in Goa as an astringent, but the 
gum is not collected.. Kino is.more lenitive than other astrin- 
ents, in consequence, probably, of the phlobophene it contains; 
it is chiefly used in the treatment of diarrhcea and pyrosis. _ 
Description.—Kino as offere 
in boiling water, but a portion 1s deposited on the | water cool- 
Rectified spirit dissolves kino, forming a deep rt. 
2 ) . g gelati . us 
eture which often gives trouble by bee 
- ee ae bs 
