paps LEGUMINOSZ. 
and shake them together. Then add one drop of a mixture of. 
equal parts of strong sulphuric and nitric (1°42) acids. After a~ 
little agitation the appearance of te oor mixtures vil 
be as follows :— 
*< Copaiba—Colour faint reddish-brown with a deposit of 
resin on the sides of the tube. 
** Wood Oil.—Colour intense purplish-red, becoming violet 
after some minutes. 
« Oleo-resin of Hardwickia.—No ee alteration ; the 
mixture pale greenish-yellow. 
By this test the presence in copaiba of one-eighth of its 
volume of wood oil may be easily shown, 
“The balsam of Hardwickia has been used in India for gonor- : 
rheea, and with as much success as copaiba.” (Op. cit.) : 
Chemical composition.—Broughton, who has investigated it 
chemically, obtained by prolonged distillation -with water 
an essential oil to the extent of 25 per cent. from an old speci- 
men, and of more than 40 per cent. from one recently collected. 
The oil was found to have the same composition as that_ 
of copaiba, to boil at 225° C., and to rotate the plane of polari- : 
zation to the left. The resin is probably of two kinds, of which — 
one at least possesses acid properties. Broughton made many — 
attempts, but without success, to ns wood from the resin oye 
: vs copaivic acid, 
pS Oe EE Hornemannianum, tones 
Hab. —Africa. Vernacular —Sandarts. 
Gum Copal is administered internally in native practise as. , 
an astringent, anthelmintic, diuretic and emmenagogue ; with — 
honey it is applied to remove opacities of the cornea, with olive 3 
oil it is dropped into the ear in earache, made into an ointment — 
- i in spplies Saree enmeleseasiation: the fumes are — 
il ir tae inacsascintmens mith wich it. 3 
Ito ringworm. In Ajmere fine sh . 
