cae , ROSACER. 
ROSA DAMASCENA, Miter. 
Fig, —Miller Laur. Ros. t. 38. Damask Rose (Eng.), Rosier 
‘de Damas (f’r.). ' : 
Hab.—Syria. Cultivated in India. The ae stevie 
and éssential oil. 
Po vaciler.< Guldb-ke-pit (Hind.),, Guléppu, Trojéppu 
-(Tam.}, Gulap-phil (Beng.), Roja-puvou, Gula-puvou (Tel.), 
Gulabi-huvou eel ics eaten Sale (Mar.), Gulab-nu-phitl 
(Guz.). - 
History, Uses, fis eden are jhenhicned by the old- ° 
' est Greek ‘writers, and among the ancients were sacred to ~ 
Dionysus and Aphrodite. Under ‘the Romans one of ‘the : 
principal Bacchic festivals was called ‘ Rosalia,’ and roses were 
_ used on all ‘festive occasions. The famous rose gardens of 
’ Midas were situated in Macedonia, the modern Bulgaria, still - 
famous for the production of Otto of Roses. The Rose has . 
given rise to innumerable solar myths both in the East and in 
the West, one- of the prettiest being” the well-known story | 
‘of Gul-i-Bakawli. Dioscorides’ mentions thé astringent proper-_ 
_ ties of rose petals, the use of their ash asa collyrium, and the 
. medicinal. use of the stamens. The Sanskrit names for 
different kinds of roses appear to be modern, Satapattri 
' (centifolia) being the name’ for. R. damascena. The yariety 
known as the Bengal rose, (R. involucrata) with a white © 
flower not unlike the English dog rose in appearance, is of 
interest, as its perfume is quite distinct from that of ordinary 
roses, and is like that of the jargonelle pear, due eyes to 
the presence of amyl acetate. 
‘ Pliny (21, 10,) describes twelve varieties of the Rose, aid 
(21, 72,) thirty-two remedies derived from them. Under the 
name of Ward the following kinds of rose are noticed in Arabic 
and Persian works: White wild rose, Red'wild rose, Red garden 
rose, Yellow wild rose, Yellow garden rose; Dalik or Dog rose, © 
‘White cluster rose, and a wild rose called Ward-el-hamak, the — 
peiale of which are described as yellow outside a po sl 
