i Se 
Mae 
ROSACEH. 575 
medicinal use, as they are more astringent than the expanded 
flowers; they are considered to be cold and dry, cephalic, car- 
 diacal, tonic and aperient,* removing bile and cold humours ; 
externally applied the petals are used as an astringent. Tho ~ 
_ stamens are thought to be hot, dry and astringent, and the 
fruit is credited with similar properties. Notices of the fruit 
‘of R..canina will be found in Arabic works under the-name of 
Dalik.. The Rose stamens (Tukm-i-gul or Rose-seed) of the 
shops are supposed to be derived from this plant, but are 
_, Teally those of RB. damascena; the ancients also called the 
_ Stamens seed. Pliny Says : “Tn the flower there is the seed as 
distinguished from the filaments,” and again, ‘‘ As to the seed 
of the rose the best is that which is of a saffron colour.” The 
: following preparations made with the petals of RB. damascena 
- are used as medicaments :— 
Duhn-i-ward-i-kham.—A fatty oll goat by. exposing Rose 
Ss leaves and ‘sweet.oil to the sun and then filtering. 
Duhn-i-ward-i-matbtkh.—A similar preparation made by 
; heating the petals with sweet oil over the fire. Both of these 
oils are considered to be deobstruent, astringent and aperient ; 
: they are also recommended in poisoning by caustic alkalies. 
Gulkand. —A conserve made from equal parts of Rose petals 
_ and white sugar beaten together; it is considered tonic and 
fattening, and is much used by women and old people. 
n Sina says that he cured a consumptive young woman 
with it. To this preparation Cannabis indica is sometimes 
added in India. 
Gulangabin.—A similar preparation made with euby and 
. considered to have much the same properties. 
 * Foran aperient, the dried buds are boiled with rice, and ghi and sugar 
are added, 
t The pddivov Cray of the Greeks. Conf, Dios. i., 44 
FOL thesaithe ved saat Rose appears.to be the R, damascena — 
which is cultivated both in Persia and India for officinal pur- 
poses, and is the kind from which Rosewater and Oil of Roses 
_ are usually obtained. In India Rose buds are preferred for 
