oe -< ROSACER. 
.Guléb:—Rosewater is’ largely used in uative practice in 
~ much the same way as orange flower water is by the-French. 
Guléb-ka-attar.—Otto of Roses, having properties similar to 
those of Rosewater, is ‘made in Persia and India, but not m 
sufficient quantity to supply the Indian-market; a good deal 
has therefore to be imported from Turkey. Rosewater is 
manufactured in Bengal and the Punjab, and alarge quantity: 
is imported from Persia. An account of the preparation of 
Rosewater and otto at Ghazipur in Bengal will be found in the 
Bengal Dispensatory. It appears that the common native still 
is used (this is simply a rough form -of alembic without a con- 
densing worm), and that one. hundred thousand roses produce 
about 100 :bottles of Rosewater. Otto is only made in cold 
weather. To obtain it the Rosewater is exposed to coldin shallow 
vessels, a thin film forms upon the surface, and is removed with 
a feather. One hundred thousand réses are estimated to pro- 
duce about 180 grains of otto. Otto is said to have been first 
discovered in India by Nér-i-jehn Begum, A.D. 1612. Onthe 
occasion of her marriage with the Emperor Jehangir, the 
Queen is said to have observed a scum upon the surface of the 
' Rosewater with which the canals in the gardens of ‘the palace’ 
had been filled, and ordering it to be collected found it to have 
a delicious fragrance. For an interesting history of otto and 
its introduction into Hurope the Pharmacographia may be 
consulted. Colonel Polier (As. Res. 2, 332), who describes the 
process of preparing otto in India, as conducted by himself, 
Says :— The colour of the attar in different years varies greatly 
- when obtained from roses grown on the same ground. Emerald- - 
green, bright yellow, or reddish attar is often seen. The . 
calyx may be left, as it does not affect the quality of the oil, 
or impart any colour to it. The yield in the’ most favourable 
seasons is 3 drachms per 100 lbs. of rose-leaves. 
_Description.—R. damascena is a shrubby plant, with — 
numerous unequal strong prickles, dilated at the base; leaflets — 
_ 5 to 7, ovate, stiffish ; flower-bud oblorig, sepals deflexed after 
: com flowers have open tube cleupety often dilated = 
