$78. ROSACEZ, 
object. (Messrs. Schimmel &§ Co.’s cites Bericht, 1889; Phar- 
macographia.) 
Adulterations.—According to Brannt, the most usual and 
reliable tests of the quality of Rose oil are : its odour, its con- 
gealing point, and its crystallization. Much of the Persian 
Rosewater is diluted with water in Bombay before it is sold. 
Pure otto is hardly to be obtained; it undergoes adulteration 
before it is shipped to Bombay, and on arrival is still further 
falsified by a large admixture of Sandalwood oil, reducing its 
value from Rs. 16 to Rs. 2 per told. In the preparation of 
adulterated otto in India sandalwood chips are added to the 
roses in the still. 
We have been unable to ascertain that otto is ever adulter- 
ated with Rusa grass oil in India, nor do the dealers in the 
latter article appear to know anything about its use in Turkey 
for this purpose. : 
Commerce.—The Indian market is supplied with dry Roses 
from all parts ofthe table land ; both buds and expanded flowers 
arrive together, and are valued at about Rs. 44 per Surat 
maund of 37} lbs. The buds are separated and sold for Rs. 7 
per maund. The expanded flowers are worth only -Rs. 3 per 
maund, and are purchased for the preparation of Gulkand. 
Rosewater, to the extent of 20,000 to 30,000 gallons annually, 
is imported into Bombay from the Persian Gulf; two qualities 
are met with, Yak-atishi (once distilled) and Du-atishi (twice 
distilled). Value, Rs. 4 to Rs, 43 per carboy of 20 lbs. 
- Otto of Roses is imported from Persia and Turkey, and 4_ 
small quantity is made in India. In Bulgaria, which is the 
chief seat of manufacture, it is packed in squat-shaped metal 
flasks holding from 1 to 10 tbs., sewn up in white woollen 
cloths. Their contents are Fregionly transferred at Con- 
stantinople into small gilded bottles for export. The value 
of an average harvest is from $3,500,000 to $4,500, 000. 
Sey ) 
