12 



THE APODOUS IIOLOTHURIANS 



In the Liosomatidi?, Selenka included nine species, of wliicli one was described 

 for the first time. In the Synaptidte were included 44 species, of which 29 were 

 placed in the genus Synapta and 10 in Chirodota. 



The notable monograph of Semper ('68) used essentially the same classi- 

 fication, but he called the family of footless Pneumonophora, Molpadiid;p, and 

 in it he placed a new geniis Echinosoma. He also described a new Haplodactyla, 

 //. molpadioides, with two varieties, pellucida and sinensis. Under the Ap- 

 neumona he placed two new families, the Eupyrgid.e and Oncinolabid-e, each 

 witli one genus, but he expressed strong doubts as to the validity of these fam- 

 ilies, and regarded the genus Eupyrgus as probably belonging to the Molpadiidse, 

 and Oucinolabes as synonymous with Synapta. Under the Synaptida? he placed 

 a new genus, Anapta, containing one species. He also added 10 new species 

 of Synapta and admitted 23 others ; five new Chirodotas, and admitted 12 

 others; and he recognized three other genera each with one species. Semper 

 therefore listed 68 species of apodous holotliurians as against Selenka 's 53. 



Seventeen years later, Lamport ('85) returned to the classification of 

 Brandt and recognized the order Apoda, with its two suborders each with a 

 single family. His arrangement was as follows: 



The next great monograph on holothurians, that by Theel ('86 a) adopts 

 the same classification, except that Embolus is admitted among the Molpadiidae 

 and Liosoma is not. Owing to the description of 11 new species, the total num- 



