92 THE APODOUS HOLOTHURIANS 



in the other points which Ostergreii emphasizes as distinguishing bergensis 

 from hilicrrois (a muscular stomach and a decidedly looped intestine) it agrees 

 entirely with galliennii. The latter has been quite unanimously regarded as a 

 synonym of mlwcrens, but Ostergren makes its right to be recognized quite clear, 

 and the reader is referred to his admirable paper ( :05fl) for a fiill, clear, and 

 interesting account of this Synapta. 



Leptosynapta macrankyea. 



Synapta hispida Semon, 1887, p. 272 (non Heller. 1868, p. 71). 

 Synapta macrankyra Ludwig, 1898a, p. 3. 



Length. — 250-350 mm. 



Color. — Eeddish, deeper than that of inhcerens (?). 



Distribution. — Mediterranean Sea, near Naples (Semon, Ludwig). 



Remarks. — Very little is known of this species, and it may still be regarded 

 as an open question whether it is really distinct from the preceding. It is en- 

 tirely conceivable that under specially favorable conditions, in some individuals 

 of inhccrens, the anchors and plates might increase in size to that which we find 

 in galliennii and even in macrankyra, and in that case the increased number of 

 perforations in the plate would be a natural accompaniment. The rarity of 

 macrankyra would thus be easily accounted for. But at present we entirely 

 lack the necessary evidence to determine such a point. 



Leptosy'napta acanthia. 



Plate V, Figs. 1-13 and 22. 



Synapta acanthia Clark, 1899a, p. 126, pi. iv. 



Length. — 250-350 mm., with a diameter of about 12 mm. 



Color. — Very pale reddish to nearly ])ure white. 



Distribution. — Bermuda Islands (Clark). 



Remarks. — Nothing further has been recorded of this species since the 

 original description, except a few field notes (Clark, :01c). It is apparently 

 an isolated otfshoot from inhcerens. Ostergren 's (:05a) i^oint in regard to the 

 probable error in the original description of the alimentary canal is well taken. 

 Careful examination of better material shows that the mesentery passes over 

 from the mid-dorsal into the right ventral interradius as in inhcerens ; although 

 a distinct stomach is present, it lies some distance back of the calcareous ring 

 and not near it, as in galliennii; acanthia further resembles inh<srens in the ab- 

 sence of any loop in the intestine. Besides the characters already mentioned, 

 this species is notable for the large number (25-30) of sensory cups on each 

 tentacle, and the numerous C-shaped miliary granules distributed over the en- 

 tire body. 



