124 THE APODOUS HOLOTHURIANS 



Chirodota studeri Lampert, 1889&, p. 849. Calcareous particles, pi. xxiv, fig. 12. 



Trochodota studeri Ludwig, 18d2b. 



Sigmodota studeri Ostergren, 1898&. 



Trochodota purpurea Ludwig, 18986, p. 9''^. Calcareous particles, pi. iii, figs. 43-45. 



Length. — Up to 40 mm. 



Color. — Variable; yellowish, reddish, or brownish, more or less dusky or 

 with red spots; Lesson gives the color in life as carmine-red to pnrple-red. 



Distribution. — Reported from Falkland Islands (Lesson, Ludwig) ; Strait 

 of Magellan (Lampert, Ludwig, E. Perrier) ; Lennox Island and Picton Island, 

 south of Tierra del Fuego (Ludwig). Apparently occurs only around the 

 Falkland Islands and the extreme southern parts of the American continent. 



Eemarks. — This species has been the source of much confusion, but Lud- 

 wig ('98&) seems to have straightened out the synonymy with great accuracy. 

 It occurs commonly among the so-called "roots" of Laminaria and other algne, 

 but may perhaps also live in sand or mud, at depths of less than 20 m. The 

 sigmoid bodies are scattered all over the body and lie at right angles to the 

 longitudinal axis. 



Trochodota dtjnedinensis. . 



Chirodula duncdinensis Parker, 1881, p. 418. 



Chiridota dunedinens-is Ludwig,- 18926. 



Chirodota dunedinensis Dend^y, 1897, p. 26. Calcareous particles, pi. iii, figs. 1-8. 



Trochodota dunedinensis Ludwig, 18986. 



Sigmodota dunedinensis Ostergren, 18986. 



Length. — Up to 50 mm. 



Color. — Pale yellowish; in life, with minute red spots. 



Distribution. — Reported only from Otago Harbor, New Zealand (Parker, 

 Dendy, Ludwig). 



Remarks. — Parker speaks of dark spots on the inner side of the tentacles, 

 which are not affected by alcohol, but neither Dendy nor Ludwig refer to 

 them, and we can only surmise as to whether they are gustatory organs, such 

 as Semon ('87) says occur in venusta. The habitat of this species appears to 

 be like that of the preceding, among seaweeds, in shallow water. It appears 

 to be rare, for the specimens examined by both Dendy and Ludwig were from 

 the original lot collected by Parker, and so far as I can learn, no others have 

 been collected. There can no longer be any question as to the complete dis- 

 tinctness of this species from Tceniogyrus australianus. Dendy and Ludwig 

 have each intimated that the two species were probably identical, and I have 

 for several years considered them so, but the material of australianus in the 

 National Museum has shown the error of such a belief. 



