1896.1 II 



dark blue banded Melanippe qaliata, &c.,oocurred in various localities. 

 In the autumn the gardens and lanes were enlivened with more 

 Vanessa Atalanta and V. urticce than have been seen for probably 

 more than twenty years ; at sugar, Ancliocelis rufina in grand variety, 

 in point of numbers took the place of Orthosia suspecta ; Cheimntohia 

 horeata was in profusion in the birch woods, along with plenty of 

 Hyhernia aurantiaria and H. defoliaria ; whilst crowds of male 

 Lemmatophila phryganella, along with plenty, but in smaller numbers, 

 of Exapate gelatella are now flying whenever the weather is favourable 

 in this immediate district. Lastly, a specimen of Acherontia Airopos, 

 taken in one of the villages outside the town some weeks since, was 

 brought to me a few days ago. Tn the early part of the season 

 sallows were more productive than they have been for years, but sugar 

 was useless up to near the end of June, when several heavy thunder- 

 storms took place, which evidently washed off all the honeydew from 

 the trees, after which moths came to the artificial sweets in abundance, 

 with an occasional break, right up to the end of the season. Notable 

 absentees at sugar were XyJopliasia lithoxylea and Tri/plicena orbotta, of 

 course two usually abundant species, but of neither of which did we 

 see a single specimen. The absence of both seems inexplicable, as 

 their near relations, JT. po/yof?o« and T. pronuba, were in great force 

 and variety ; only one T. fimbina occurred, and although T. janthina 

 occurred in the garden in both larval and perfect stages, none visited 

 sugar. Altogether, the season in this district has been the best we 

 have had for some years. 



Crosland Hall, Huddersfield : 

 November \2th, 1895. 



NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES OBSERVED IN THE SOUTH OF SPAIN 



IN JUNE, 1895. 



BY WILLIAM EDWARD NICHOLSON, F.E.S. 



In company with Mr. G. C. Champion I landed at Gibraltar on 

 the 2Sth May last. Although comparatively early in the season, we 

 found it oppressively hot, and the higher part of the rock already 

 presented a dry and parched appearance. The rock is classic ground 

 for the entomologist after the researches of Mr. J. J. Walker, which 

 have been already recorded in this Magazine, and in the Transactions 

 of the Entomological Society of London. It was, however, too late 

 for the special species of the rock, and after exploring it to very little 

 purpose from an entomological point of view, we were not sorrf on 



