140 :'J"iy. 



thoracic plnfe blackish-brown, highly polished, divided by a central pale line. Bodt/ 

 liglit ochreous-red, but with the intersegmental spaces and some narrow pale lines, 

 etc., whitish-ochreous ; on the back of the third segment posteriorly is a small 

 fusiform highly polished blackish-brown plate divided by a centi-al pale line, and the 

 second, third and fourth segments have a blackish polished spot on each side above 

 the legs. Anal plate blackish-brown, highly polished. Ventral surface rather similar 

 to dorsal in colour, but paler. Bristles pale and inconspicuous. Legs black, highly 

 polished. Length of preserved specimens, fully stretched by blowing, 8 mm. ; 

 natural length of living examples, probably about 6 mm. 



I have drawn up the above description from five well-grown larvae 

 exquisitely preserved by Mrs. W. H. B. Fletcher ; it seems probable, 

 therefore, that Scotch specimens are much redder than German ones, 

 for Hofmann says {I c.) that the full-fed larva is of a " beautiful 

 bright yellow, marked in tlie same way as the allied species." The rest 

 of Hofmann's description agrees satisfactorily with mine, but he follows 

 the German custom of reckoning the prothoracic segment as the first, 

 whereas I have followed the English method of counting the head 

 itself as the first segment. 



CASE. 

 The case of the full-fed larva is nearly straight, irregularly cylindrical-oval, 7 — 8 

 mm. long by 2 — 2^ mm. broad across the middle ; it is formed of cut-out pieces of 

 leaf, and is smooth and somewhat polished, variable in colour from very dark brown 

 to bright pale brown, I'ather flattened above and below, and with a distinct keel 

 along each side at the junction of the upper and under surfaces ; in general shape it 

 might be compared to a young pea-pod. The anal aperture is gaping, the two flaps, 

 which are dorsal and ventral, hardly approaching one another, while the mouth, is 

 not at all curved round but is rather oval in shape, with the upper lip longer than 

 the under one. The case stands more or less perpendicularly to the leaf. 



Hofmann speaks of the case as " laterally compressed with dorsal 

 and ventnU keels," but after examining the position of several cases 

 fixed to leaves by the larvae themselves, and the shape of the mouths 

 ' of many more, it seems to me quite beyond question that these cases 

 have been so carried by the larvae that the keels have been lateral, and 

 the broad and rather flattened surfaces have been dorsal and ventral. 

 I do not forget that Hofmann had seen living larvae, whereas I have not 

 done 80, but it occurs to me that he may have omitted to note down 

 at the time the exact position of the case relatively to that of the 

 larva, and afterwards assumed that this would be the same as in the 

 allied species. 



As regards the larval habits, which have not as yet been so fully 

 observed in Britain as in Germany, the following is a resume oi Dr. 

 Hofmann's interesting account of them. 



The young larva begins, probably about .Tune, by mining a leaf of 



