1902.] 45 



Hill, Surrey, and 39, Lime Street, London, E.G. ; Mr. Edward Connold, 7, Magdalen 

 Terrace, St. Leonards-on-Sea ; Mr. Frederick Muir, 86, Christchureh Street, 

 Ipswich ; Mr. R. Shelford, The Museum, Sarawak, Borneo ; and Mr. John Wad- 

 dington, 38, Leicester Grove, Blackmail Lane, Leeds ; were elected Fellows of the 

 Society. 



Mr. J. II. Carpenter exhibited a number of Colias Hyale bred from ova laid by 

 the parent butterfly taken at Sheerness, August 18th, 1900. Mr. J. W. Tutt said that 

 twelve months ago there was no reliable evidence as to the stage in which Hyale 

 passed the winter, but that Mr. Carpenter had proved that it hibernates in the 

 larval state, and pupates and emerges in the spring. No one has yet successfully 

 bred C. Edusa through the winter, as they do not and cannot feed up these in this 

 country. Hyale, on the other hand, is perfectly quiescent during the winter months 

 (October 20th to February 3rd, according to Mr. Carpenter's observations). Mr. 

 R. S. Standen, specimens of Lyccena dolus, the type from Bordighera, and also 

 Pieris brassica with greenish urider-wings, a common form in the neighbourhood of 

 Florence. Mr. C. P. Pickett, pupa-cases of Saturnia pavonia, one with two 

 openings, one with no opening, and a third containing three pupa?, from one only 

 of which the imago had emerged. Mr. J. W. Tutt said that this phenomenon was 

 probably due to overcrowding. The Rev. A. E. Eaton, some adult Psychodida of 

 morphological interest, preserved in cork tubes with 2°/ Formic Aldehyde in dis- 

 tilled water. (1) Pericoma notabilin, Etn., as a sample of male flies retaining 

 prothoraeic air-nipples, such as Curtis figured (Brit. Ent., xvi, 7-45 [1839]), and are 

 possessed by pupa? of both sexes, illustrated both by Miall and Walker and by Fritz 

 Muller in the volume of the Transactions of this Society for 1895 ; also by Kellog, 

 Ent. News, xii, 48, figs. A, B (February, 1901). Pericoma soleata, Hal. MS., has 

 similar small claviform air-nipples on the prothorax ; and so have some undescribed 

 species more nearly related to P. notabilis, natives of middle Europe or of Algeria. 

 (2) Male flies possessing erectile sacs, or else protrusible tentacles arising one on 

 each side of the mesothorax near the spiracle, and receiving a strong branch from 

 the main trachea of each side. In the state of contraction these sacs or tentacles 

 resemble a tuft of hair, which is very dense in some flies: by their distension, 

 the tufts are either spread open, or the tuft is resolved into scattered hairs distributed 

 over at least the whole of the upper surface of the tentacle. These organs are pro- 

 bably subservient to sexual attraction, and, perhaps, secrete scent. A few males 

 possess them, in addition to the pair of prothuracic air-nipples, for instance. P.fusca 

 and the species figured by Curtis, P. auriculata (both exhibited) ; but more species 

 are possessors of the mesopleural pair of appendages alone. The two species last 

 named differ in the shape of their thoracic appendages now under consideration : 

 the male P.fusca has short, chitinous, slightly curved, prothoraeic air-nipples, and 

 short nipple-like mesopleural appendages that spread a dense epaulet-like tuft of 

 hair ; while P. auriculata has slender, club-shaped, whitish, prothoraeic air-nipples, 

 and mesopleural tentacles that are clad with silky hair, and are capable of great 

 extension. But in the majority of species furnished with this kind of tracheate 

 appendages issuing from the mesothorax, those of the prothorax are absent ; and 

 some have appendages of the sac form, others of the tentacular form. Among the 

 exhibits, Ulomyia fuliginosa, Pericoma nubila and trivialis are exponents of the 

 short, nipple-like, erectile, sac-shaped mesopleural type of appendage seen in P. 



