50 [March, 



summit of which is a thin vertical spike, distinctly longer than the basal part, 

 surrounded by a whorl of similar but shorter spikes of varying number. In the 

 two dorsal rows, which are the largest, the whorl contains four spikes, except on 

 3rd and 4th segments, in which it has Qve and sometimes six, and on 11th and 12th, 

 where it has five, but sometimes only four. The subdorsal and lateral rows of 

 spines have only three spikes in the whorl, except on segments 3, 4, 5 and 6, 

 where there are four and rarely five. In the sublateral row the base of the spine is 

 reduced to a mere tubercle, and the whorl contains either three or four spikes. The 

 colour of the body spines is black with a dark blue metallic reflection, but the 

 summit of the dorsal spines from which the whorl springs is greenish-white, and 

 the whorl spikes in the lateral and sublateral rows are white. Second segment with 

 a group of three short simple black spines on either side of central line, and below 

 them a white whorled lateral spine, and a similar sublateral one just above the leg. 

 Third and fourth segments with a dorsal, lateral and sublateral whorled spine on 

 either side. Abdominal segments similar, but with an additional subdorsal spine. 

 The 11th and 12th segments differ, however, from all the rest in having an additional 

 spine on the median line ; these spines have a whorl of five spikes, but differ from 

 the others in having no central spike. The segmental incisions are not very deep, 

 and the abdominal segments are broken into four rings ; the anterior one comprises 

 rather more than half the segment and carries the spines ; the remaining three are 

 narrow and subequal. General colour velvety black or very dark brown, with a 

 broad pale yellow, or dirty white, central stripe between the dorsal spines. A 

 lateral ochreous-red or yellow stripe, lying between and including the subdorsal and 

 lateral spines, well defined on thoracic, very ill-defined and broken up on abdominal, 

 segments ; being encroached upon by two diagonal blackish lines, starling from the 

 same point at apex of segment and sloping downwards and forwards ; the upper 

 longer one passes between the spines and through the spiracle, the lower runs only 

 to the base of the sublateral spine. The entire upper surface of the larva is sparsely 

 scattered with minute white shagreen dots, often irregularly arranged in transverse 

 rows. 



First stage. — Length, at termination, about 4 mm. Head dark brown, witli 

 about a dozen scattered black hairs, the lower ones short, those on vertex moderately 

 long ; no cephalic horn. Colour of body greenish-white, with three large irregular 

 lateral patches of dark brown ; the anterior one extending from behind middle of 

 3rd to middle of 5th segment; the middle one on 7th and slightly encroaching 

 on 8th; the posterior one on 10th and 11th segments. Body glabrous. The 

 segments have the following arrangement of tubercles from either side of central 

 line downwards. Second segment : a large composite dorsal tubercle bearing four 

 seta;, a single subdorsal tubercle bearing one seta, two lateral tubercles placed 

 longitudinally, the anterior bearing two setae, the posterior none ; lastly, a tubercle 

 above leg with two seta\ Third and fourth segments : a regular transverse row of 

 five tubercles, the dorsal, subdorsal, and that above leg with a single seta each, 

 remainder with two. Abdominal segments with six tubercles on either side, bearing 

 one seta each ; 1st and 3rd placed near anterior edge, 2nd much further back, 4th 

 and 5th placed longitudinally close together in the segments with claspers, but 

 transversely in the others. 



Second stage. — Greatest length, (5 mm. Head entirely black, shiny, with scat- 



