156 [July, 



One preparation of an insect taken along with arctica (Fokstuen) seems to 

 belong to this species. 



A. aectica, Boheman. 



The 9th segment, viewed from above, forms in its ehitinized part a narrow 

 transverse band. The tubular piece, assuming all the preparations to belong to one 

 species, shows a great variety of form, probably on account of the varying degree of 

 exsertion, in some examples the apex of tlic abdomen being quite blunt, while in 

 others it is produced into an ovipositor. 



The vulvar scale has a prominent middle lobe, and very distinct hairy side 

 lobes, triangular in form, but varying in breadth, according to the position from 

 which they are seen. In this species, and in fimbriata, there is a large horizontal 

 plate with rounded outer margin under the tubular piece. 



In the figure given of the internal apparatus the rods as shown there are not 

 usually visible in this shape, being apparently covered by the large lateral blades 

 The central triangular piece is in this species relatively broad. In practically all 

 the Norwegian examples the " heel " is slightly excised, and in this respect different 

 from the examples from Spitsbergen and Iceland. 



It is unfortunate that I have not been able to compare 

 undoubted ly authentic ? examples of Apatania majuscula, McL. It 

 is just possible that one of the forms included under arctica is 

 really majuscula. While it is highly probable that most of these 

 boreal females that are grouped under the name of arctica, belong to 

 a parthenogenetic form, there must not be over confidence in this, es- 

 pecially with respect to the insects from the mainland. I have 

 alluded to the remarkable discrepancies in the numbers of the two 

 sexes of a non-partheuogenetic (using the expression not in an 

 absolute sense) species, suggesting that the males had passed off. 

 The males of some of the species no doubt appear early, A. majuscula 

 being recorded from lrkutzk in May. When collectors reach 

 Arctic or Alpine Norway in time to see Ghionobas Noma and 

 Argynnis Freija in rags, they may be also rather late to catch the 

 males of certain species of Apatania. 



In making the investigation on which the above notes are based 

 I have made free use of Herr Strand's material, and I am also 

 indebted in an exceptional degree to Mr. McLachlau for placing at 

 my disposal, without restriction, valuable material from Central 

 Europe and from high northern latitudes, including Spitzbergen, 

 Nova Zernbla and Iceland. 



The figures of the abdomen from above and beneath are all 

 drawn to the same scale, excepting No. 11 ; the figures of the internal 

 apparatus being on a still larger scale. 



