19H.] 293 



Epirrhoiiur, Xanthorhoinie, Ortholithinse, Chesiadinx, 15 in all. Thus the 

 Gnathoi consist of the Larentiinse combined with a part of the Acidaliinse of 

 the current systems ; it is curious that the rest of the last-named (as Ptycho- 

 podinx) fall in the Gnathoi, but we have long been told that the old " Acidalia " 

 was very heterogeneous, though we should have doubted the necessity for 

 a sub-family separation. 



Space forbids a detailed account of the lower groupings. Mr. Pierce finds 

 Aplasto, ononaria related to Pseudoterpna pruinata, which is interesting, inas- 

 much as Meyrick, by the neuration, at one time referred it to the " Emerald " 

 sub-family. Lithina petraria and Pachycnemia hippocastanaria are rather un- 

 expectedly found among the "Thorns." Aleucis pictaria is considered to have 

 affinity with Theria rupicapraria. Parascotia ■ fuliginaria is placed, though with 

 hesitancy, in the Gosymbiinse ; was not Mr. Pierce aware that the larva and the 

 neui-ation had long ago led to its entire detachment from the Geometridee ? He 

 admits that the uncus is perhaps Noctuid. The presence of labides in the genus 

 Coenocalpe, similar to those of Eupithecia, lends some colour to Meyrick's asso- 

 ciation of some members of each in a sigle genus (Eucymatoge), though not 

 fully justifying it. The genus Entephria, on which Dr. Chapman published a 

 valuable note (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., lxxvii, pp. 497-500), is made to include also 

 multistrigaria and olivata, but pectinitaria — so near to- olivata on all other 

 characters — is separated as Amoebe ; in considering whether this was really 

 necessary from Mr. Pierce's standpoint, we again feel the need of generic 

 diagnoses, but probably the very different uncus was responsible. 



In the difficult genus Eupithecia, we have to thank Mr. Pierce for some 

 good, careful work, but unfortunately some of the most closely allied pairs or 

 groups of forms have failed to yield tangible differences, so that we are still 

 left in uncertainty as to whether they should be regarded as species. This is 

 the case with denotata-jasioneata, sobrinata-anglicata (in error, angelicata, a 

 regrettable confusion, as there is a form of albipunctata of this name), fraxi- 

 nata-innoiata-tamarisciata, satyrata-curzoni-callunaria, goossensiata-knautiata- 

 absinthiata. By the way, p. 45 (sobrinata, etc.), should read, " these two forms " 

 as stevensata is a synonym of anglicata • it would have been helpful to the eye, 

 here and elsewhere, if synonyms had been printed in a different type from the 

 valid names. A few errors in Petersen's work on this genus (Iris, xxii, pp. 203- 

 314) are coi-rected. 



Chlorissa viridata is shown to be differentiable from its close ally, porrinata. 

 The latter and a few other non-British, or doubtfully British forms are included 

 in the work for purposes of comparison, or on the assumption that they may 

 turn out to be British. 



There are, as is perhaps almost inevitable, a feAv misprints or lapses in the 

 transcription of names ; thus, Hipparchis stands for Hipparchus, marginipunctata 

 for marginepunctata, Lythia for Lythria, etc., and a rather embarrassing use 

 of capitals for the names of species (due to their being printed uninomially 

 except in the case of the first species of a genus) is a not very welcome sur- 

 vival from the " Noctuidx " volume. But these are slight blemishes, and we 



