50 [August, 



quantities toward the jN"., and even in rainy weather. At Bischheim, 

 on the 7th June, and also at Kehl, on the same day, myriads flew in 

 the afternoon, at the former place from the S.W., at the latter from 

 the S.E., so that it is considered the columns were not identical. At 

 Angers, a similar thing was observed on the 10th June, the direction 

 being from E. to W., against the wind, which was not of much force. 

 It w^as estimated that the number passing along a single street in one 

 hour was from 40,000 to 50,000. From Montpellier, Albi, and other 

 places in the South, analogous cases are recorded. Near Geneva, 

 the swarm is said to have obscured the sun for several minutes. At 

 Eennes, on the 10th June, incalculable numbers flew from S. to N. 

 w'ith great rapidity ; at 2 p.m. on that day the wind changed, and the 

 direction of flight was altered toward the W. Sometimes 20 to 30 

 passed in a minute, continuing for some time at the same rate. Some 

 parallel notices occur in the " Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes " 

 for July 1st, and in the "Bulletins" of the French Entomological 

 Society. 



From the " Entomologische Nachrichten " of July 15th, we learn 

 as follows : in Wiirttemburg, from the 1st to 8th June, an incessant 

 migration from S. and W. towards IST.E. and E. was remarked. At 

 Wetzikon, Canton Ziirich, on the 7th June, an immense swarm moved 

 from 8.W. to N.E., principally from 3 to 5 p.m. ; their flight was per- 

 sistently in one direction, only changing temporarily to avoid houses 

 and trees. At Wettsweil, on the same day, from 2 to 5 p.m., a swarm 

 flew from W. to E., and it is calculated there were 1000 in the 

 space of 10 metres, and that at least 11,000 flew past the observer. 

 The editor adds that no such swarms had occurred in the JN". of Ger- 

 many, but information had been received from Steyer, in Upper Austria, 

 that on the llth June, surprising numbers flew from S.W. to N.E., 

 ceaselessly; between 1 and 2 p.m., 90 to 110 per minute were 

 counted in a breadth of about 100 paces, and the swarm is estimated 

 at above, rather than below, 1,000,000. 



At the meeting of the Italian Entomological Society, 8th June, 

 many cases of swarms of the butterfly were mentioned, especially 

 from Yeneria, Treviso, Eome, Perugia, Florence, Leghorn, &c., from 

 April to June. 



From Belgium I learn in a letter from Baron De Selys-Longchamps, 

 that the only common insect has been V. cardui, which appeared in 

 June in great numbers, in worn condition, but not in columns. 



Other notices mention numerous swarms in Italy, Spain, the 

 neighboui'hood of Marseilles, Fontainebleau, Worms, &c. 



