228 " 1 March, 



When full fed the larva is restless and '(randers OTer the plant till it finds a 

 suitable leaf, and then with silk threads folds or twists it up tightly for a pupariura, 

 and makes for itself within by way of cocoon a very open-worked web of coarse 

 meshes. The pupa is from seven-sixteenths to half an inch in length, moderately 

 slender, the parts of the head well devoloped, the wing covers long, the leg-cases 

 extending beyond them, the thorax well produced and slightly keeled on the back, 

 also on the upper abdominal segments and there the spii-aclcs are a little prominent, 

 from thence the flexible segments taper gradually, the last two rapidly to a project- 

 ing knob, furnished with three or four curled-topped converging spines ; the colour 

 is pitchy-black with brown segmental divisions, antenna- and leg-cases ; it is rather 

 shining, though most lustre is on the head and thorax. — William Buckler, 

 Emsworth : February \lth, 1880. 



[Perhaps the foregoing may enable some friend in Perthshire to find, and send 

 me for figuring, the larva of S. alplnalis, which, according to Dr. E. Hofmann, is of 

 clear yellow colour and black-spotted, very similar to oUvalis ; the larva oi alpinalis 

 was found by him in June, within spun-together leaves of a large species of ragwort 

 (Senecio), growing around Swiss cow-huts. — Id.] 



Description of larva of Scopula olivalis. — Some larvaj beaten out of Stinging 

 Nettles at Hambleton, near Selby, during Wliitsuntide last, produced this species. 



Length when full grown nearly an inch, and of moderate bulk in proportion ; 

 the head has the lobes rounded, is glossy and about the same width as the second 

 segment ; body cylindrical and of nearly uniform width, tapering only very slightly 

 at the extremities ; each segment is plump and rounded rendering the divisions 

 distinct, and each has also a transverse depression in its centre, skin rather glossy and 

 serai-translucent ; a short hair is emitted from each tubercle. 



The ground colour is pale bluish-grey, though some specimens have a strong 

 underground of greenish, head grey much marbled with black, the mandibles brown: 

 the dark green alimentary canal forms the dorsal line, and there is a pale greyish 

 stripe, almost a ridge, along the spiracular region. Its most noticeable feature, how- 

 ever, are the tubercles, which appear as large glossy intensely black spots, four 

 round ones on the dorsal area of each segment, and a row of triangular ones above 

 the spiracular sti-ipe. 



The ventral surface and prolcgs are of the same colour as the dorsal area ; legs 

 highly polished and black : below the spiracular stripe, but adjoining it, is a series of 

 oval black spots, one on each segment ; yet lower, is a similar scries of spots, but 

 each placed a little further behind than the one above it ; and still below these 

 again, indeed, just at the top of each leg and prolcg, is another similar but smaller 

 spot; whilst those segments which have no legs nor prolegs (the 5th, 6th, 11th, and 

 12th), have each three similar transverse spots. 



Shortly before spinning up, the ground colour changes to a straw colour ; then, 

 in the two leaves spun together in which the larva seems to live when not feeding, a 

 loose cocoon is formed. The pupa is about five-eighths of an inch long, rather 

 slender, and attenuated towards the point ; wing cases long, and as are also the eye- 

 sheaths, well defined : there is a sharply defined ridge along the thorax. Colour of 

 thorax, wing-cases, and eye-sheaths, dark chocolate-brown ; under-side of abdomen 

 paler brown, the divisions yellow. The imagos emerged at the end of June and in 

 July. — Geo. T. Pouritt, Highroyd House, Iluddersfield : Fehruary ^th, 1880. 



