1870.] 235 



Mr. Grigg also acquaiuted me with Ids having taken, al the game time and place, 

 nine fresh specimens of the moth, at the very spot where they occurred plentifully 

 in May of the previous year, — hence he inferred the insect to be double-brooded. 



I foimd it no easy matter to keep the stems, in which these larvae were living^ 

 from either drying up or turning mouldy ; from these mishaps, and from the larvte 

 refusing to enter the fresh stems provided for them, most of the number died : — 

 however, I was at length well pleased at being able to breed three specimens of the 

 moth on August 8th, 9th, and 19th, and a fourth a fortnight later, thus satisfactorily 

 proving their identity. 



Most of these larvse were mining, singly, within the stems, near to the axils of 

 the leaf stalks, though three or four had their mines situated midway between the 

 axillary branchings near the top of the plant ; the small hole at tlie entrance of a 

 mine is not very readily detected, for although frass is probably extruded from it, 

 especially at first, yet I found none hanging outside the entrance, and only a fine 

 dust at the bottom of their cage gave evidence that a small quantity must occasionally 

 have fallen out of the holes ; the mines always appeared lightly filled up from within, 

 just level with the surface of the stem, and so the orifices not contrasting much in 

 colour, were not very conspicuous from being no more than one-sixteenth of an inch 

 in diameter. 



The youngest larva examined I found to be just one-eighth of an inch long, and 

 possessed of all the details of form, colour, and other characteristics thst so well 

 distinguish this species of Pterophorus from any I have as yet seen, inasmuch as it is 

 furnished with rough points or hooks, in many respects much like those we know so 

 well on the pupce of Cossus and of Hepialus ; doubtless these arc both for support 

 and progression within the very tough stem where it resides. 



The full-grown larva is one quarter of an inch in length, plump in proportion, in 

 general figure somewhat cylindrical, but tapering forwards to the head, which is 

 smaller than the second segment, the last three segments also tapering to the anal 

 tip ; the anterior legs are but little developed, while the ventral and anal legs are so 

 exceedingly small as to bo with difllculty detected even witli a lens ; the segments are 

 well-defined, the first third of each, after the thoracic segments, is clean cut backwards 

 with an upward slope, and the summit of this slope is crested with a row of minute rough 

 points, or blunt hooks, extending unbroken across the back, rather near towards the 

 spiracular region ; on the middle portion of the remainder of each of these segments 

 is a broadish oblong transverse band of the rough points dorsally divided by a naked, 

 or nearly naked, interval of smooth skin ; similar points occur also across the thoracic 

 segments, but in a narrower shape, and on the second they fill up the usual form of 

 plate there ; those on the twelfth segment, and the front of the tliirtceuth, are very 

 much coarser, and closely aggregated. 



The colour of the shining head is light yellowish-brown, tinged with deeper 

 brown on the crown of each lobe, the ocelli and mouth darker brown again ; the 

 body is of a slightly livid flesh colour, becoming a trifle paler and yellower on the 

 three or four hinder segments ; a distinctly paler dorsal line is visible, and bisects 

 both the bands of blackish rough points, and the anterior plate of them, though on 

 this last it is a mere fine thread ; the skin generally is smooth, and glistens a little ; 

 the spiracles are circular, a trifle raised, wart-like, brown in colour, with a whitish 



