1882.] 55 



gradually getting wider and paler as it uears the hinder extremity. 

 An indistinct, pale, ochreous stripe above the prolegs : spiracles and 

 legs pale brown, under-side and prolegs cool grey. Skin smooth, not 

 at all shining. Tentacula long and slender, orange-yellow : these are 

 protuded when the larva is irritated, and emit a powerful and not dis- 

 agreeable odour, resembling that produced by the larva of P. Machaon. 

 Many larvaa are of an almost uniform pale ochreous-brown or clay- 

 colour, with the markings scarcely visible. 



The small larvae feed quite exposed on the upper-side of the 

 parsnip-leaves: the full-fed ones, hoftever, are fond of lurking among 

 the leaf-stalks, close to the ground. At all ages, it is very quiet and 

 sluggish in its habits, often remaining for hours on the same leaf, and 

 only quitting it when entirely consumed. It does not appear to be 

 eaten by birds, and I have not bred a single ichneumon or other para- 

 site from the considerable number of larvae which I collected. 



The pupa is about 1^ inch in length, not very stout for one of 

 its genus : the wing-covers scarcely project beyond the general out- 

 line. The front of the head is deeply bifurcate, and on the thorax is 

 a very conspicuous projection, pointing forwards and a little upwards, 

 giving to that part a somewhat hooded appearance : there is a pair of 

 deep foveae on either side of the abdomen, just above the wing-covers, 

 and a double row of small projecting points down the back. Surface 

 rough and opaqiie : colour light to dark wood-brown, mottled with 

 darker, and, in many specimens, washed with opaque verdigris-green 

 along the sides of the abdomen. It remains in this stage for about 

 twenty days. 



H. M. S. "Kingfisher," Caldera, Chile : 

 Qth March, 1882. 



DESCEIPTIONS OF THE LARV^ OF HAWAIIAN LEPIDOPTEEA. 

 BY THE EEV. T. BLACKBUEN, B.A. 



The following descriptions of the larvge of four of the most con- 

 spicuous and best known species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera may, I hope, 

 be of interest. 



Vanessa Tammeamea, Kotz. 



Pale green, darker towards the sides, dorsal line slender, dark 

 green, sub-dorsal lines broad, very pale green, spiracular lines broad, 

 yellowish-green, head green, red dowai the middle, legs red, claspers 



