1883.] 63 



2nd. — Tliat iu the gall i\\e fundairix deposits a great number of 

 young, which all acquire wings. They are the PseudogyncB migrantes, 

 which fly away. Elaborate treatises, full of exact observations about 

 those two stages of life, have been published by Baron von Grieichen, 

 in 1770, and by Prof. Kessler, in Cassel, in 1878-1882. 



3rd. — The young lice deposited by the Pseiulogyna migrans have 

 been educated by Lichtenstein, in Montpellier, on roots of maize, for 

 a fortnight. Prof. Horvath, in Budapest, has found them on the roots 

 of the same plant in October, 1881-82 ; it is the Pseudogyna migrans, 

 apterous and subterranean. 



4th. — The descendants of these apterous lice get wings and return 

 to the elm ; i^ies,^ axe the Pseudogynce pupiferce. Horvath has found 

 them at the roots of maize, and many other observers, Lichtenstein, 

 Kessler, Courchet, &c., have found them on the elm trunks. Here 

 they bring the sexual forms, which copulate and lay the eggs, out of 

 which proceed the fiuidafriees. 



And so, as Columbus, when searching for India, discovered 

 America instead. Prof. Horvath, thinking he had discovered the evo- 

 lution of Pemjjldgus ze(e-ma'idis,hRS discovered the biology of Tetraneura 

 ulmi. 



La Lironde, Montpellier : 

 llth July, 1883. 



DESCRIPTIOX OF THE LARVA, &c., OF MELIANA FLAMMEA. 

 BY WILLIAM BUCKLER. 



It is a great satisfaction to have figured the larva of Jlammea, and 

 to be able to offer the following description of it, and of the pupa; as 

 hitherto, so far as I know, it appears as in the Manual to have remained 

 among the " unknown "; a circumstance not very surprising from the 

 fact of its being a fen-haunting species of obscure habit and restricted 

 in its locality. 



Here I desire to express my deep sense of thankfulness to Mr. 

 W. H. B. Fletcher, for his great kindness in supplying me with a 

 dozen examples of the larva on the 18th of September, 1882, and on 

 subsequent occasions with their food, which otherwise I could not 

 have obtained for them; also for points of interest connected with 

 the discovery of the larva by his friend Mr. P. D. Wheeler of Norwich, 

 some three or four years ago, who, while collecting in the Norfolk fens, 

 was interested in the appearance of this larva and took some home, 

 where they spun up in the heads of reeds, and yielded the moth in 

 the following spring. 



