98 r October, 



neither o£ them until I held the leaf against the light, then at once I 

 saw them both embedded in its substance, each appearing about the 

 size of a small flea in a semi-transparent spot between the upper and- 

 under skin of the leaf ; and these spots, when afterwards vacated, 

 became clear blotches on the surface ; the larvae on emerging to the 

 light were seen to have grown a little, and soon made their way into 

 a fresh piece of similar leaf, which began to show several such blotches 

 where the parenchyma was eaten out. 



On 25th of July one came out of the leaf, and next day the other, 

 when a fresh leaf was provided, but neither would attack it, and they 

 sat still on the old one until the 3rd and 4th of August, when, after 

 moulting, they entered fresh leaves, which continued to be supplied to 

 them in the box every two or three days ; their second moult occurred, 

 after they had left the leaves and sat still for nine or ten days, on 

 13th — 14th of August, when, after an interval of rest, they again 

 mined into the fresh leaves making numerous clear spots on their 

 surfaces, but onlj^ for about three or four days, as they were out of 

 their mines again on 18th, and were spinning little mats of silk, on 

 which they fixed themselves to wait for their third moult, which 

 happened on 23rd — 27th of the month. 



By 3rd of September, the one more advanced in growth than the 

 other had laid itself up on a silken mat, spun on the upper surface of 

 the midrib of a leaf whose sides swelling up made a desirable sheltered 

 situation to be fixed in, vrhile its companion at this time was to be 

 seen in the middle of a comparatively large mined blister, from which 

 as from the very first, the black frass continued to be extruded a day 

 or two longer ; the former accomplished its fourth moult September 

 12th, the latter on the 14th ; the first after a three days' rest from 

 what seemed an exhausting operation, again mined into the leaves, and 

 after an interval its companion also, both growing a little, while making 

 larger blister-like mines. 



On 9th of October they were out of their mines, had ceased to feed, 

 and seemed to be hibernating, and this I made sure of on the 21st, when I 

 closely examined them and saw that each larva had its feet on a silken 

 mat, and that one of them had a stay of a few threads passed over its 

 back, attached to the stout midrib and to the under-side of the piece of 

 leaf it was on ; each of these pieces, already becoming discoloured, with 

 their occupants attached, I then placed at the base of the plant of 

 Centaurea from whence nearly all their food had been gathered, and 

 which I had recently dug up and potted for their reception during 

 winter ; one being laid on a dry leaf, the other on a radical sprouting 



