14i [Januaiy, 



and ventrallj, witb secretion, and tlie adult female lies within the 

 second larval skin, which is about three times as large as the adult 

 insect. The first larval skin is of a bright yellow colour, and lies pro- 

 jecting beyond the anterior margin of the scale, whilst the second 

 exuvise is of a dark brown, almost black, colour, except the last five 

 posterior rudimentary segments, which are of a bright yellow colour. 

 The length of the second stage is about 16 mm. 



? scale either snowy- white or saioky- white, mussel-shaped. Length, about 

 2'4 mm. The posterior margin of the female adult, unlike most species of Biaspina, 

 is entire, possessing neither plates nor lobes. There are five spines along each pos- 

 terior lateral margin, and within the margin a double row of spinning glands. The 

 ventral grouped glands consist of five groups, which are sometimes so contiguous as 

 to appear like one continuous arch. The median group consists of about seventeen 

 pores, the anterior laterals of about twenty each, and tlie posterior laterals of about 

 twelve each. 



The S scale is similar to that of the female, but rather narrower and longer. 



The species seems to be common on the continent of Europe, but 

 it does not appear to have been found in any other part of the world, 

 which seems remarkable, as it is a hardy species. The Cldonaspis 

 pinifoli(B, Fitch., found on the pines in America, from Prof. Comstock's 

 description and figure seems similar in external appearance as regards 

 the female scale, but it is obviously quite a different species, and has 

 been identified by him with Aspidiotus finifolicB, of Fitch, which 

 before had been considered by Signoret as a synonym of Leucaspis 

 pint. 



Genus CHIONASPIS, Signoret. 



This genus was established by Signoret, and includes those species 

 of which the female scale much resembles that of a Mytilaspis, whilst 

 the male scale is like that of a Diaspis. 



1. Chiojs"aspis citei, Comstock. 



Chionaspis citri, Comst., 2nd Rep. Corn. Un. Exp. St., p. 100, fig. 13 ; 



Maskell, New Zeal. So. In. (1887), p. 54; New Zeal. Trans., vol. xvii 



(1884), p. 23. 

 ? scale of a blackish-brown colour, frequently much curved, about 1*8 mm. in 

 length. The posterior margin of the insect has three lobes on each side, all more or 

 less serrated, but especially the first one, which is larger than the others ; the 2nd 

 and 3rd lobes are bilobed. There is a simple plate adjacent to each lobe, and 

 another further along the margin, followed by another still further on anteriorly, 

 and a small spine adjacent to each plate, in all five marginal spines and plates. The 

 marginal spinning glands are as follows : one between 1st and 2nd lobes, one between 

 2nd and 3rd lobes, then a pair adjacent to the 3rd plate, and another adjacent to 

 the 4th plate. No groups of ventral glands. 



