1892.] 131 



found ; and are likewise dependent on climate. In April, 1800, I found nothing 

 but alter atus : the reason of this being that the cold weather and autumn had been 

 exceptionally dry and rainless. In April, 1891, intermediate forms, and occasionally 

 typical Theophrastusj were numerous, and this was due to the cold weather being 

 very wet indeed. The under-surface of the hind-wing is the first to be affected. I 

 have specimens with the hind-wing distinctly fuscous, with the upper-wing white 

 and markings black, and the complete series shows the gradual change from this to 

 the insect with fuscous ground colour, and small, narrow, fuscous markings. I have 

 not found alteratus in the hills, and should not expect to find it, as there the rain- 

 fall is heavier, and few or no varieties develop. It is interesting to note that the 

 female is much less liable to variation ; and the fuscous colouring rarely extends to 

 the upper- wing. Why this is so it is difficult to say, as one would have thought 

 that climate would have acted equally on the constitutions of both. 



* Polyommatus hoeticus, L. — Excessively abundant in the park at Pindi, and is 

 common enough throughout the Galis. 



Euaspa Milionia, Hew. — Not uncommon at low elevations, and in deep forest, 

 when it flutters about the bushes with feeble flight, and close to the ground. 



Choetoprocta odata, Hew. — Abundant throughout the early summer. It is a 

 sluggish insect during the day, but about sunset it descends from the trees and flies 

 about the herbage. Its habits are very similar to those of Thecla quercus, to which 

 it is nearly allied. 



Zephyrus Syla, KoU. — Abundant in nearly every ravine near Kalabagh, where 

 there is water and profuse undergrowth. It flies in June, and frequently flies down 

 from the bushes on to sticks and stones in mid-stream, where it is somewhat difficult 

 to capture. The snow lay very late this year, but this did not seem to affect Z. Syla, 

 which flew merrily over it, and frequently settled on the snow slopes, which proved 

 very disconcerting to the enthusiastic collector, as they occasionally gave way, and 

 gently carried him with them, until they deposited him carefully in a mountain 

 stream of ice-cold muddy water. 



Chrysophanus FhlcBas, L. — Common in the hills and at Abbottabad. I collected 

 numerous specimens, but found little variation, the males being all very dark smoky- 

 copper-colour, and the females approaching the European form. This is another 

 instance of females being less affected by climate. C. Kasyapa, Moore. — Found in 

 the same localities at the same season, and quite as commonly as Z. Syla. 



Ilerda Sena, Koll. — Abundant in the autumn months between Baragali and Ab- 

 bottabad. I. Tamu, Koll. — Yery common in June, in the same localities as C. Kasyapa 

 and Z. Syla. The deep blue of I. Tamu, and the brilliant copper and green of C. 

 Kasyapa and Z. Syla, form a combination of colouring, which, when the insects are 

 settled in some numbers together, is very difficult to beat. Tlie larva of /. Tamu 

 probably feeds on the wild strawberry, among which the perfect insects are more 

 usually found. The insect appears to be scarce in collections, but it is probably quite 

 common in the G-alis. Major Yerbury some years ago found it equally plentiful. 



*Deudorix epijarhas, Moore. — Fairly plentiful. It is a pugnacious creature, 

 and soon tatters itself. 



Rapala Nissa, Koll. —Two specimens only at Kalabagh ; it is probably not 

 uncommon. 



