114 [May 



was, however, familiar to all interested in European Butterflies, through his trans- 

 lation of Dr. IT. Frey's "Die Lepidopteren der Schweiz " on this fascinating 

 subject, and his papers on Entomological excursions to various parts of the 

 Continent. In his youth he spent some years at school in Hussia, where he acquired 

 a knowledge of French and German, which in after life added greatly to his pleasure 

 when making his Continental journeys. lie wa9 well acquainted with Switzerland 

 and Carinthia, and visited other parts of the Tyrol, Basses Alps, the Pyrenees and 

 Corsica. The last -mentioned locality twenty-five years ago was, as far as British 

 Entomologists were concerned, a terra incognita, and it was due to Mr. Lemann's 

 instrumentality and to his great personal influence that so many have since made 

 excursions to that island. His early business experience was gained in London, and 

 in 1881 he joined the well known firm of Coatcs and Co., Plymouth, in which town he 

 resided until his death. Mr. Lemann was a keen collector of butterflies, and had 

 not only an excellent knowledge of his subject, but was exceptionally well versed in 

 field work, in which he delighted — his extensive botanical knowledge being of great 

 assistance to him in his collecting. He made no collection himself, but gave all his 

 specimens to his friends. Mr. Lemann was a man of singularly fine character, who 

 inspired not merely friendship, but affection, among his friends, and to those of us 

 who have travelled with him abroad and knew him intimately, his untimely death 

 leaves a blank which can never be filled. In Plymouth, where he was most popular, 

 and where in his quiet way he did much good work, his genial presence and kind 

 heart will be greatly missed by all who knew him. — A. H. J. and E. W. L. 



Francis Ford Freeman. — After a long and painful illness, Mr. Francis Ford 

 Freeman died at his residence, Abbotsfiekl, Tavistock, at the age of 60. Like his 

 friend, Mr. Lemann, he took a deep interest in European Ehopalocera. Unfor- 

 tunately, owing to being a martyr to chronic asthma, he was unable, much to his 

 disappointment, to explore the mountainous parts of the Continent. He leaves a 

 widow and family, and a large circle of friends to mourn his loss. He was elected a 

 Fellow of the Entomological Society in 1883.— A. H. J. 



Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society: Meeting, held Monday, 

 February \lth, 1908, Mr. E. Wilding in the Chair. 



Mr. W. Mansbridge read a paper, entitled " Variation in Lepidoptera," in 

 which he enumerated the different classes of variation as generally understood by 

 Lepidopterists, and referred especially to a phase of variation which has not evoked 

 the amount of interest its importance warrants, viz. : — colour changes from yellow 

 or ochreous to red or brown and modifications of these. The Author showed how 

 practically all definite melanic forms have, when first noticed, been of very local 

 occurrence — as the majority still are — a few only having spread in comparatively 

 recent times over large areas, and noted that when this had been the case that the 

 particular species, e.g., Tephrosia biundularia var. delamerensis, Amphidasys betu- 

 laria var. doubledayaria, Hibemia marginaria var. fuscata, and Diurnea fagella, 



