48 THE entomologist's RKCORt). 



August, in England, generally oviposit at once, at any rate in the south ; 

 otherwise how can the larvfe that may be found throughout September, 

 and in early October, be accounted for ? I have not unfrequently 

 netted, during the latter part of May, worn imagines, which have 

 presumably hybernated as such. My acquaintance with Stenoptilia 

 zopJwdacti/la has not been so close, though, owing to the recent 

 discovery of a good locality for it in this district, it is likely to improve 

 in the near future. I have netted the moth in the middle of July, and 

 have bred and taken it during August and September. The fact that 

 captures have been made by myself so late as September 27th, and 

 October 2nd, would, of itself, tempt one to suppose that the species 

 hybernates in the imaginal state, and I would suggest that strong 

 presumptive evidence that this supposition is correct is afforded hy the 

 additional fact that its foodplant, Kri/thmea centanrium , is an annual, 

 and could not, therefore, be satisfactorily utilised by the insect in any 

 way after it had once died away in the autumn. For this reason, Mr. 

 Tutt's strong suspicion that .S'. zopliodactijla hybernates as a small 

 mining larva seems to me quite untenable. — Eustace R. Bankes, M.A., 

 F.E.S., Norden, Corfe Castle. December 7th, 1903. 



Plusia gamma at sugar. — I have taken Plima fianima at sugar 

 sparingly in most seasons here, never more than two or three in a 

 night, and always in the autumn, when there were plenty of attractive 

 garden flowers. — (Rev.) C. D. Ash, M.A., Skipwith Vicarage, Selby. 

 Novewber IGt/i, 1903. 



A Probable double-brooded Erebia.^ — In Mr. Rowland-Brown's 

 interesting review of the BiitterfiieH of Switzerland and Central Europe 

 by Mr. Wheeler, he remarks that the author must have been misled as 

 to a possible second brood of Erebia epistjjgne, by my article on the 

 " Butterflies of Digne." I wish to take this opportunity of stating 

 that the error in my paper arose either from a slip of the pen, or a 

 misprint. I never took E. epistijiine at Digne when I was there in June 

 and July, what I took was Erebia atyr/ne not E. ejiisti/;ine. I was told 

 on the authority of a brother of the Cottes. that E. epistj/(/ne was to be 

 had in June on the mountains near Barcelonette, much higher than 

 those near Digne, where it is always over by the middle of May, but, 

 to the best of my belief, it is never double-brooded. I think, however, 

 that it is not so certain that no Erebia is double-brooded, and I can 

 produce some sort of evidence that E. stynne may be so, though I am 

 unable to prove it. In the summer of 1902, I spent the month of 

 July in the Picos d'Europa, a rather singular district of northern 

 Spain, consisting of a chain of high limestone mountains running 

 east and west, parallel to, and about 25 miles from, the southern coast 

 of the Bay of Biscay. This chain is cut sharply through by three 

 considerable rivers, flowing from south to north, and forming the most 

 tremendous gorges or canons that I have ever seen, excepting the 

 Tara gorge in the Balkans. These gorges rise in one sheer precipice 

 from the growth of chestnut, oleander, and bay along the riverbank, 

 right to the snow level, and a great variety of insect-life is produced by 

 the rapidly varying climate and vegetation. I encamped, July 10th, 

 at a height of nearly 5000ft., on the southern face of this chain, and found 

 the mountain pastures, just above this level, swarming with E. stijuae. 

 Both sexes were out, and in good order, though some of the males were 

 slightly worn. I caught a good many, and kept a few, they were quite 



