A DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA AND PUPA OF DAPHNIS NERII. 71 



The lateral view of the pupa was distinguished by two main 

 characteristics, the long wingcases and the series of large and very 

 dark blotches which marked the position of the spiracles. The first of 

 these blotches was on the prothoracic segment, just above and behind the 

 eye (which possessed a fine semicircular dark marking), and resting on 

 the sheath of the antenna. On the 1st abdominal the dark blotch was 

 not visible, or only very faintly suggested, so faintly, that it could 

 hardly be recorded with certainty, for here the wingcases enwrapped 

 it rather deeply. On the 2nd abdominal the spiracular blotch was un- 

 interruptedly in view. On the 3rd, the lower half of the blotch was 

 concealed by the angle of the wingcase. That on the 4th abdominal 

 was the largest of the series, and was roundish in shape, though jagged 

 and suffused at the edges. The remainder were all rather smaller and 

 more elongated in form, inclining to a posterior tail-like point in the 

 marking. On the 8th abdominal, just below the spiracular blotch, 

 was a small dark marking consisting of two finely drawn vertical marks, 

 side by side, and, on the anal segment, was a small round dark dot on 

 the spiracular line. The wingcases were extremely thin and trans- 

 parent, and while possessing the longitudinal sheathings for the 

 nervures, distinctly showed the segmental divisions, with their local 

 colour, through their transparent texture. The ventral view of the 

 pupa was remarkable for a most distinctive feature. This was a broad 

 strongly drawn, intensely dark medioventral line extending from the 

 base of the proboscis on the head, but separated from the short dark 

 mark on the forehead, to the termination of the wing sheathings on 

 abdominal segment 4. The line was as firmly and sharply drawn as 

 if it had been made with a J pen running along a ruler. In the centre 

 of this dark line was an extremely fine light thread-like line. The 

 packing of the proboscis, legs, antennae, and wings was wonderfully 

 neat, and the form of all could be fairly well discerned by their 

 coverings. 



On the abdominal segments which bore V.: ' prolegs there was a 

 large brownish red blotch where each proleg Ii '. 1 existed, except upon 

 the anal segment, where there were no such marks visible. On the 

 7th abdominal segment there were three small dots on its anterior 

 edge, a central one, and one aligned with it on either side. The 

 two vertical subspiracular marks on abdominal segment 8, were 

 also visible in the ventral view of the pupa. A faint suggestion of a 

 medioventral line ran from the thick dark line's termination on the 

 posterior edge of abdominal segment 4, to the anal point, broken only, 

 just short of that, by the anal aperture and generative organ. A 

 careful examination was made of the ventral view of the pupa to 

 determine, if possible, the position of the legs belonging to the embryo 

 insect, together with that of the antennae and the undeveloped wings. 

 The forms of these details could be fairly well made out by slowly 

 moving the pupa so that the light was reflected upon the various 

 prominences, but it was not easy to come to a decision concerning the 

 smaller points, as the packing of the insect was so delicately arranged 

 that the pupacase did not define with much exactness the limit of 

 the limbs. The serrated sheath of the antenna started squarely from 

 above the eye-covering, and descended downwards and backwards to 

 be inserted just past the junction of abdominal segments 1 and 2, 

 between the 2nd leg and the costal line of the wingcase. Leg 1 shows 



