9-1 THK ENTOiiOI^OGISX's KECOKlJ. 



knobs and ridges, which, at first transparent, become opaque and white 

 on drying. 



The ground colour also gradually changes. By August 8th it had 

 become greyish-white, and remained so until the first week in Novem- 

 ber, when it turned a distinctly darker grey, the egg hatching on 

 November 10th. The young larva made a circular hole in the upper 

 part of the egg, and through this it passed. It did not eat the empty 

 eggshell. 



Synopsis of the Orthoptera of Western Europe. 



By MALCOLM BURR, B.A. F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S. 



{Contiiuted from p. 44.) 



Section II : Dictyoptera. 



Division : Blattodea. 



European cockroaches, excluding accidental visitors, represent four 



families, which may be distinguished in the following manner : — 



Table of Families. 

 1. All t'emoia spined beneath. Claws of tarsi witli a pad 

 between. 

 2. Subgenital lamina ? broad and tlat ; principal 

 (radial) vein of elytra with simple branching. 

 8. Supraanal plate cT and ? round, transverse 

 and narrow ; wings, when present, with a 

 clear, veinless, folded triangular area at 

 the apex ; oothecffi arched, longitudinally 

 keeled . . . . . . Fam. 1. EcTomiDyi;. 



8.H. Supraanal plate <? and ? triangularly pro- 

 duced ; wings, when present, with no 

 unveined apical area ; oothecaj smooth, 

 compressed .. .. .. Fam. 2. Phylloprojiiii).*:. 



2.2. Subgenital lamina ? with a valve ; principal 



(radial) vein of elytra with many branches Fam. 3. Blattid.^;. 

 1.1. Femora not spined beneath. Claws of tarsi, in d' , with 

 a very small pad, in ? no pad; ?s are wingless ; cT s 

 have developed elytra and wings, former with a broad 

 and wide ulnar area . . . . . . Fam. 4. Heterogamiid^ 



( = POLYPHAGID^;) . 



The important characters for classification may be gathered from 

 the above table. The members of the HcUroiiawiidac are not likely to 

 be confused with the others ; they are purely meridional species ; the 

 female is convex and apterous, and burrows in sand ; the males are 

 active flyers, and often come to light. 



The lUattidac are the exotic cockroaches that have become estab- 

 lished in many European towns under artificial conditions, and. from 

 their larger size alone, are unlikely to be confused with the remaining 

 forms. The two European species of /V{//Z/n^/r(>»///(/fl(' are easily known; 

 fjoboptera is black and apterous, somewhat resembling a woodlouse in 

 appearance, and I'ln/Uodnnnia ifi'iinanica is now a familiar insect ; it 

 can be recognised at once by the two long parallel black stripes on the 

 pronotum. 



The wild cockroaches occur under dried leaves, moss, and refuse, 

 on flowers and shrubs. The best way to take them is by sweeping. 

 Family I : Ectobiid.^-;. 

 Table ok Genera. 

 Elytra perfectly developed, with distinct veins, sometimes 



abbreviated, never rudimentary . . . . . . Ectobia. 



1.1. Elytra horny, veins not apparent, or hardly so, or 



elytra entirely rudimentary. Wings absent . . . . Aphleuia. 



