168 THK ENTOMOLOrrlST's RF.CORD. 



frequently the case that the dexs form presents very large specimens. 

 The p/daeas form may be small from starvation, having passed the 

 Avinter as larva, whilst the summer form may have fed up slowly on 

 line fresh grown food in the cooler early summer, and have only been 

 submitted to an c^^'/rs-producing temperature when it has reached the 

 pupal stage. 



Form. — There seems considerable difference in the sharpness of 

 the apical angle, the wing looking short and square in some specimens 

 and long and pointed in others. The difference is not perhaps very 

 great, and setting may sometimes exaggerate the appearances. Still 

 two specimens from Arcachon and two from Susa that I have selected, 

 seem very pointed, and two from Torre Pellice very square, others 

 from these same localities are otherwise, and I am unable to associate 

 these forms with either place or season. Tails. — One point as regards 

 form is the development of tails. No large pale specimen has any 

 development of tails, in the dark ones there is great variation, but 

 there seems to be a tendency for the tails to be better developed in the 

 small than in the large ones. Sexual lUferences. — I am unable in 

 many cases to distinguish the sexes of the specimens, but I think it is 

 usually the case that the pointed-winged specimens are $ s and the 

 square ones ? s, a sexual dimorphism that is common to the rest of 

 this genus, very notable in its nearest ally ( 'hri/sophaniis dor ilia, to 

 which also some ( J ?) specimens approximate in having, not the tail, 

 but the anal angle somewhat produced. 



Colour. — Apart from the greater or less abundance of black scales 

 there is a difference in the richness or paleness of the copper colour, 

 as a rule, the darker specimens having the richer colours. The 

 greatest variation in colour is in the amount of black scaling. This 

 occurs in two very distinct ways, viz., by greater extension of the black 

 areas, spots, hind margin, etc., and by the invasion of the copper area 

 by a suffusion of black scales. The former not unfrequently occurs 

 with hardly any of the latter, but suffusion of the copper is almost 

 always associated with some increase of the black areas. The evidence 

 of the specimens submitted is to the effect that both these are the 

 result of heat in the earlier stages, that is, that it is entirely climatic, 

 and in no definite way geographical or racial. There are specimens 

 that might be ordinary English ones from France, Switzerland, Italy 

 and Spain, and all intensities of suffusion occur through Tutt's siijfma 

 to var. eleiis. The Locarno specimens are interesting. Specimens 

 taken in 1902 immediately after a very cold spell, during which they 

 were no doubt in pupa, were ordinary typical specimens though 

 emerging in May; this year (1903), in April, the specimens approach 

 auffum, though taken in April, the weather was then cold, but had just 

 before (when the specimens were in pupa, doubtless) been fairly warm 



What causes some specimens to confine the darkness to increase of 

 spots, and others to add suffusion, is not at all elucidated. Those that 

 affect suffusion, often have the spots with a sort of halo around them, 

 that is not the deep black of the spots, nor yet suffusion of the copper. 

 My specimens, reared in heat, are remarkable as having the spots and 

 margins much increased, so that the spots form a continuous band, yet 

 they are very well defined, and the copper in most of them is bright, 

 only one of the captured specimens is quite like them, one from 

 Bronchales (central Spain). The pupae of some of my specimens were 



