NOTES ON PHRAGMATOBIA FULIGINOSA. 179 



bearing six or seven hairs. There is also a well-developed marginal 

 tubercle above base of prolegs, bearing three hairs. The spiracle on the 

 8th abdominal is about three times the diameter of the other abdominal 

 ones, that on the prothorax being not quite so large. The prespiracular 

 tubercle on prothorax is large, and bears several long, forward -jutting 

 hairs, forming quite a noticeable tuft on either side of head. There 

 is a marked tendency to a median division of the prothoracic shield 

 (scutellum) into two separate plates. 



'3nl instar: In a later (probably the 3rd, but possibly the 4th) 

 instar, the larvsi^ are 13mm. -14mm. in length. No general change in 

 the appearance of the larvie has as yet taken place. The head, pro- 

 thoracic and anal plates are darker, almost black, and the tubercles 

 are also much darker and more horny in appearance. They are also 

 much larger, the flate plate spreading over the skin-surface is not now 

 apparent, the whole area of tubercle being raised into a cushion-like 

 wart. The hairs are much more numerous ; i bears at least three 

 small hairs, but the plate on the meso- and metathorax, that I take to be 

 iv, situate between iii and v, still bears only a single hair, and this a 

 weak one. A coat of minute spicules is still present, but no hairs 

 springing from the general skin-surface are developed. All the hairs 

 are thorned, the strong black ones noticeably so. The ground colour 

 of these dead larvse, from which I have made descriptions of the 2nd 

 and 3rd (or '? 4th) skins, is a pale yellowish-white. 



4th (possibly 5th) instar (living) : Not far from moult ; length 15mm. 

 at rest. In shape stouter and tapering off more markedly at head and 

 rather less markedly at anus. Segments still short and very full the 

 incisions being exceedingly deep. The 6th and 7th abdominal seg- 

 ments are the longest, and gradually taper oft" to either end; at 4, 5, 

 and 6 the greatest girth occurs. The larvte are now definitely coloured 

 instead of as previously, a monochrome of dark plates and tubercles on 

 a pale ground. They have a broad mediodorsal band of dull orange, on 

 either side of this a band of about the same breadth of mottled smoky 

 grey, this appears darker than it really is, owing to the large black 

 dorsal tubercles, both i and ii being situated on it; below this is a band 

 rather irregular in width of dull white, faintly mottled with grey in 

 places, and somewhat constricted near the incisions. Tubercle iii is 

 situated on the lower edge of this band. Beneath this, the lateral and 

 subventral areas are pale grey, mottled with darker grey; on this ground 

 colour occurs a series of broad obliquely set slashes of dull orange, this 

 series extends from the metathorax to 9th abdominal, but the patches 

 are small and vague at the extremities, on the larger abdominal seg- 

 ments the orange extends from iii almost to iv beneath, and has an 

 extension forwards and upwards above the spiracle, which it borders, 

 but does not enclose. A fainter and narrower oblique white dash also 

 occurs just above vi tapering obliquely upwards and forwards. The 

 spiracle is white rimmed with black. This instar is specially marked 

 by a great increase in the hair growth, but this is still exclusively from 

 the tubercles, which are developed into large warts with the exception 

 of the small single-haired (? iv) tubercle on the meso- and metathorax. 

 The increase in the number of hairs arising from i is very remarkable, 

 but the hairs are still somewhat weak and are all pale, ii, the largest 

 tubercle, bears the largest and strongest hairs, nearly all black, the other 

 tubercles, iii, iv, v, and vi, have a majority of pale with a few black 



