282 THE entomologist's record. 



were found side by side in a corner of the box as pupa?, quite loose ; 

 one with the larval skin attached to the tail, the other free from this, 

 with quite rounded end, and without any cremastral armature. No 

 particular observations were, however, made of them, under the idea 

 (probably correct) that they would keep. To-day, hoAvever, it is found 

 that the eyes look black, and that there is about the wings an aspect 

 of underlying white density. No doubt the imago is maturing, whether 

 normally for the spring emergence, or for an autumn emergence, not 

 known. 



Pupa. — The pupa (pi. xi., fig. 1 ; pi. xii., fig. 4) is of the same 

 brown colour and appearance as any ordinary subterranean pupa 

 (Noctuid, Sphingid, Geometrid, etc.), and not of the paler or varied 

 tints one associates with butterfly pup^e. This suggests that the 

 unhappy larvae wanted to bury themselves even more literally than 

 retiring beneath a stone would have been. The form of the 

 pupa is that common in the Lycjenids, short and rounded, flat 

 ventrally, and with the abdominal segments wider than the 

 thoracic ; it is not, however, a very pronounced example. The length 

 is 12mm. ; underside (venter) nearly straight from between 2mm. 

 from front to 1 mm. from anal end, these terminal portions entering 

 into the rounding of the extremities ; 3mm. from front the width is imm., 

 and it is hardly more at 5mm., there being thus a tendency to a waist, 

 which is quite obvious in a lateral view ; 3-5mm. from posterior 

 extremity the width is 5mm. The extreme ends of the pupa are only 

 about l-4mm, dorsal to the straight ventral line referred to. At 

 3mm. from front the antero-posterior diameter is 4mm., and it is nearly- 

 the same at 5mm. It then increases gradually to 4-5mm. at 8mm. 

 from front, and then rounds oft" into posterior rounded extremity. The 

 waist is more marked, where the sides of the 8rd thoracic and 1st abdomi- 

 nal sink a little. The pupa appears to have no movable segments, no 

 cremaster, no hairs discoverable by an ordinary examination, or any 

 other spines, processes, or other projections. The spiracles are each 

 at the bottom of a shallow pit, in which the spiracle proper is a trans- 

 verse slit at the summit of a little mound. The segmentation is very 

 distinct. The whole surface is very finely rough, with minute points 

 of equal size and much the same character all over (except the 

 appendages). On a larger magnification this description still holds 

 good, but is wofully defective, each point is a little prominence, with 

 a central hollow at top, the margins rounded (probably primitively 

 have points), and the several points connected together b}' lower 

 rounded ridges in a complicated manner. On the mesothorax the 

 points are arranged round a central point behind the middle of the 

 thorax for a little distance, the lower ridges being perhaps more marked 

 than usual on the 3rd abdominal (the others are much the same). 

 The points may be taken as being in various rows, about ten to twelve 

 in the width of the segment from front to back, but the most obvious 

 rows start at the front of the segment (say, half-way between the 

 spiracle and dorsal lines), and, proceeding obliquely, have aftbrded 

 about twenty points before they (rather, the individual one we have 

 been counting, the others being parallel with it) reach the dorsal line, 

 where they are difficult to count further, but if they went on regularly 

 would give five or six more before reaching the posterior margin of the 

 segment. The antenna?, starting in front, proceed outwards and then 



