338 THE entomologist's recoed. 



segments and the posterior one, in connection with the lateral rows, 

 give the appearance of a transverse band across segment. The two 

 lateral rows of tubercles are quite distinct, of an orange colour, the 

 lower row tending to crescent shape ; prolegs black ; underside of the 

 general body colour. Fottrt/i instar [moulted July 24th and 25th): Very 

 similar to last stage. The velvety-black spots are more raised and each 

 contains two very small orange tubercles, corresponding in position with 

 those of the dorsal rows. These are now bordered externally by a row of 

 black spots. The three stripes in dorsal band are very distinct, and so 

 precisely similar to the body colour that, at this stage, one almost gets 

 the impression of four yellow dorsal stripes, instead of brown stripes on 

 a yellow band. The central stripe is bordered by a row of small orange 

 tubercles, slightly posterior to the outer rows of tubercles. Lateral 

 tubercles as before, the upper row being preceded by slight black dashes. 

 Fifth instar (moulted July 29th to July 31st) : Head black, covered with 

 fine yellowish hairs ; body bluish-black, Avith traces of black dots and 

 dashes. The dorsal band is much lighter in colour, and the black 

 stripes are much interrupted. The main difference from the preceding 

 stage is found in the velvety patches of the 4th and 11th segments, 

 which have become deep red, and have, further, been partially sub- 

 divided, so that each now presents the appearance of two conical tufts 

 arising from a common base. The apex of the tufts is tipped with 

 orange. Tubercles as before. The row of black spots bordering dorsal 

 tubercles much increased in size. As the larva approaches full size, 

 there is a great tendency towards indistinctness of marking. Pupation. 

 — The first larva spun up on August 5th, the majority followed suit on 

 the 8th and 9th, and the final stragglers fed on until the 12th. Actual 

 pupation occurred in from t^vo to three days. The web is of a brownish 

 colour, differing from that of P. pii/ra in this respect, in which species it 

 is quite white. Pupa. — Thepupaitself is reddish-brown, much suffused 

 with black. Thorax and wing-cases deep black. — J. McDunnough, 

 Berlin, W., Motzstr. 6. September ISt/i, 1904. 



Life-history of Phryxus livornica. — Dr. Chapman's suggestions 

 {atitea, pp. 270-1) that the shallow dent in the side of the egg-shell of 

 Phryxus livornica, that he received from me, is not the result of an 

 accident, and that the small fragment of another egg-shell may have 

 represented the whole remains of the three other eggs that came into 

 my possession, are both correct. My friend. Major Robertson, when 

 writing his note [anteh, p. 271), clearly misunderstood the editorial 

 note {antca, p. 240). The Editor did not suggest that " a life- 

 history " was desired, but merely that " descriptions of the 

 egg and first two instars " were badly wanted to complete our 

 knowledge of the life-history. Major Eobertson, although his 

 larva " died young," had, therefore, as good an opportunity as my- 

 self of supplying descrij)tions of the egg (which I know he possessed), 

 the first larval instar, and, unless all his larv* died in their jirst skin, 

 the second instar also. Fortunately, however, after learning from Mr. 

 Tutt's ^at. Hist. Brit. Lep., vol. iv., that our knowledge was so in- 

 complete, I made detailed notes on the life-history, and hope to publish 

 these presently, unless it turns out that Dr. Crallan, who very kindly 

 sent me my four ova, and made, I believe, various notes himself, has 

 something better to offer. ^ — Eustace R. Bankes, M.A., Norden, Corfe 

 Castle, ^ovniiher 1th, 1904. 



