AN EXHIBITION OF LEPIDOPTERA HELD AT GENEVA. 173 



that " Humidity and heat sometimes produce the same variation, both 

 may be factors in inducing partial melanism." (IV) Box of (kyiena 

 dispar, with two series — (1) <? and $ small, very pale, ill-marked ; 

 (2) <J and $ large, <? s very dark, markings well-developed. A note 

 stated that " abundant food, but poor in nutritive elements, is a factor 

 of weakness and albinism ; food rich in nutritive elements is a factor 

 of vigour and melanism." (V) Box of Abraxas fp-ossulariata, tending 

 to show that sometimes the results of poor food are not noticeable 

 until after two generations. 



Professor Eeverdin exhibited — (I) Three drawers of malformations 

 of lepidoptera arranged as (1) Malformation of wings. (2) Malformation 

 of nervures. (3) Asymmetry in antennae. (II) Series of L'iensbrassicae, 

 the pupas of which had been exposed to Eontgen rays — the apical spot 

 in the spring generation grey in both sexes, instead of the normal 

 black ; the discal spots of the $ are, on the contrary, as black as in 

 the type ; in the summer brood no modification in pigmentation 

 was obtained ; the duration of exposure to the Eontgen rays extended 

 from a minimum of 20 to a maximum of 95 minutes. (Ill) A(/lais 

 urticae, pupa? also exposed to the Eontgen rays ; in six examples sub- 

 jected from 20-45 minutes, the blue marginal spots had disappeared 

 and were replaced by black ; the other examples, treated similarly, 

 were normal. (IV) 250 Erebia ti/ndariift, differing greatly in ocella- 

 tion ; this series forms the material of a paper appearing in the 

 Bull, de la Soc. Lep. de Geneve, fasc. 3. 



Dr. Denso, who recently bought Austaut's collection, exhibited — 

 (I) A marvellously interesting and variable series of Sphingids, 

 including llijles eiiphorhiae, with its forms dahlii, tithymali, viaKvetatiica, 

 deserticola, roberUi, dehi, and its ab. prirata : H. nicaea, with its vars. 

 orientalis, castissiuia, carnea, etc. ; line series of Tnrneria hippuphaes, 

 T/iainiias vespertilio with its vars. //«(■« and iiiurina, etc. A drawer of 

 Atiiorpha pupidi var. anstaiiti, and its abs. incaniata, staudinijeri, and 

 viirabilis. (II) Many interesting named hybrids and mongrel Amor- 

 phids and Phryxids, Avith the parents of the hybrids, preserved larvae, 

 pupa3, etc., and 50 coloured figures of the larvae at various ages. 



Mr. Eehfous exhibited 22 species of Lyctenids taken near Geneva, 

 among others the immigrant Eaijwardia telicaniis, Lampidea boeticn.'i, 

 and (for this district) A ricia eiunedon. The most remarkable aberrations 

 are (1) ? A(/riades bellar(jus ab. cerunun with the forewings blue, the 

 marginal border greyish-ashy tint, and with a series of fulvous lunules 

 on the hmdwings. (2) $ A. bellaiyus without spots on the underside of 

 the forewings. (3) J A.curi/don without spots on the underside of the 

 hindwings, and a single series of large spots in a straight line on the 

 forewings. (4) J Ao;/rm(/e.s (;//^/rt/'((.s with only three spots on the under- 

 side of the forewings, and none on the underside of the hindwings. 

 (6) A fine series of Henperia xutlrae ab. tara^ from Mt. Saleve, etc. 



Professor Blachier, 50 drawers of Paltearctic and Exotic lepidop- 

 tera. A particularly fine series of I'aniassiiis apollo talcen on Mt. 

 Chasseral m the Neuchatel Jura, July, 1907, the race being remark- 

 able for the size of its ocellated spots, and the intensity of the red 

 colour, particularly on the underside ; Fruhstorfer has {Soc Knt., 

 1906, p. 137) named it var. mimtua, a name which the exhibitor 

 thought might be applied to all the Jura examples. Among these was 

 a perfect symmetrical gynandromorph, right side J , left side ? , the 



