THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 181 



no end," and we ari'ive at its last page, 494, with an expressed asser- 

 vation to the truth of the completion of our quotation, " and much 

 reading is a weariness to the flesh." But as we think over the 

 fulness of information brought together in the volume we wonder 

 where we have arrived ; and in asking ourselves also the question, 

 whither goest thou '? one of Euskin's epigrammatic sentences forces 

 itself on our mind: " Man is the sun of the world ; more than the 

 real sun. The fire of his wonderful heart is the only light and heat 

 worth gauge or measure .... Let him stand in his due rela- 

 tion to other creatures, and to inanimate things — know thein all and 

 love thou, as made for him, and he for them ; and he becomes himself 

 the greatest and holiest of them." 



So with this thought in our view, we propose to try and find put 

 the point to which Mr. Tutt and his collaborators have brought us. 

 The volume in question deals solely with certain species which used to 

 be known as the Tliedidae and Lijcaenidae, the latter in its more com- 

 prehensive form including the whole super-groups, i.e., the Coppers, 

 Hairstreaks, and Blues. Hereafter the old names are to be dropped, 

 to be replaced to a large extent by still older names, but names that 

 will be new to the majority of students in this group of butterflies. 

 Personally the writer feels a deep debt of gratitude to the Editor, in 

 that old historic names have been so excellently unravelled, and genera 

 and tyi)es have been fixed in very many cases ; for this unravelling has 

 made it possible for him to continue a generic revision of the whole 

 Pahtarctic group, the material for which he has had prepared for 

 many years, but it has been laid aside long ago on account of the 

 single fact that time and opportunity to go into the details of the 

 synonymy and early literature were not available. To enable us to 

 deal with the matter we must refer to the " coppers," whose history is 

 detailed in the closing portion of volume viii, where also the main 

 history of the synonymy is considered. 



Primarily the name Lycaenidae is practically to drop from our 

 vocabulary and is to be replaced by Ruralidae. We have already 

 almost got accustomed to it, and for ourselves we do not find these 

 changes of names as confusing as expected, but there are certain 

 conclusions that we do not see our way to agree with. As, however, 

 we believe the Editor's one view is to advance and to arrive at a point 

 from which others can start and make a further advance in our 

 knowledge of the science, we have no hesitation in referring to the 

 few points where we ditier as we go through the volumes. The type 

 of the genus Heodes, Dalman, is fixed by the same author in the same 

 year (1816) as rirgaureae. In 1818 Hiibner brings into being the 

 genus ChnjHopJianus for a heterotypical group, but Scudder restricts it 

 in 1875 and fixes the type as /ti/iDothoe, placing pldaeas in a separate 

 genus {Heodes, from which he excludes vinjaureae), whilst in 1900 

 Tutt describes his genus liumicia solely for our one little " copper " 

 pldaeas. We thus arrive at this point : — 



Heodes, Dalman, type virgaureae, Dalni. 



Cltri/sopliiimis, Hiibn., type liippotho'e, Linn. 



Iliviticia, Tutt, type phlaeaa, Linn. 



We have most carefully examined these three species in all their 

 structure, almost with the wish to find divergences, but without 

 success. We cannot separate them generically, therefore we hold that 



