LIFE-HISTORIES. 213 



are nearly fullfed (April 29tb). I may add that we have observed that 

 a few larvio probably hatch in autumn, for wc have both found eggs 

 with holes that have the appearance of larvje having quitted them ; 

 yet we have never found autunniai larvie ; probably 5 per cent, of the 

 eggs thus found were empty. — August Selzer, Hamburg. May 11th, 

 1908. (Communicated by M. Gillmer.) 



More foodplants for Tortrix pronubana. — In the Kntoni. liecord, 

 etc., vol. xix., p. 93, I recorded an instance of Tortrix pionnhana spun 

 up on the flower-stem of the common yellow toad-flax. This year I have 

 bred two T. pronubana from strangely different plants, cyclamen and 

 scarlet geranium. In both cases I found the larva feeding, and covered 

 the pot in which the plants were growing with muslin, and awaited 

 results. On May 6th, a fine female emerged from the pot of cyclamen, 

 and, on May 31st, a female from the scarlet geranium. I know now 

 that I have often found the larvte and also empty pupa-cases on a bed 

 of geraniums, but not ordinarily paying attention to Tortricids, I have 

 not bred the insect from this plant before. — (Kev.) Frank E. Lowe, 

 M.A., F.E.S , Guernsey. June 2nd, 1908. 



Note on the larva of Nola cristulalis. — On July 3rd, 1908, 

 some larvfe of Xola cnstidalh, about half-grown, were sent me by 

 •Mr, Crocker, collected just previously in the Chatham district. 

 They were at the time feeding on oak. The larvfe are pale whitish- 

 green, with a narrow dark green mediodorsal stripe, and remarkably 

 long hairs arising from the dorsal warts ; the head is pale, and the 

 prolegs prominent, especially the anal pair. In the next instar they 

 change to a brownish hue, especially on the thoracic area, the dorsal 

 line being also reddish towards the anal end, the 8th abdominal 

 segment also being brown dorsally ; in this skin the larvte are very like 

 those in the last, but browner ; the hairs, too, are darker. In the last 

 skin the larvfe are of a yellowish ground-colour, the red-brown 

 tubercles quite masking it however, and making the larva appear red- 

 brown ; the fine mediodorsal line in some parts densely black, the 

 black extending transversely along the frontal part of the segmental 

 incisions of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd abdominal segments, especially the 1st 

 and 3rd, and expanding into black chevrons on the dorsum of the 7th — 9th 

 abdominal segments. These are the more uniform red-brown examples. 

 The pale form is yellow in ground colour, the dorsal warts also yellow, 

 except those of the mesothorax, and the 1st, 2nd, and 7th abdominals, 

 which are brownish ; the supraspiracular line reddish, and the supra- 

 spiracular warts red-brown ; the black marks are as in the preceding- 

 form, so that this paler form appears to be annulated with four 

 darkish segments, viz., the mesothorax, and the 1st, 2nd, and 7th 

 abdominals, the black markings conspicuous on the pale colour. 

 The method of Avalking of the larvae is very peculiar, travelling 

 at a very rapid pace, and partly looping, due to the fact 

 that they have only three pairs of prolegs, the 3rd, as well as 

 the 1st and 2nd, abdominal segments being without. It would appear, 

 therefore, that the segments unprovided with prolegs are those that 

 carry the dark markings. The great length of certain setae on the 

 thoracic and 8th and 9th abdominal segments are particularly notice- 

 able, although all the apparently primitive setje on the warts are 

 especially long. Whilst feeding the larva) apparently love to get between 

 two leaves almost in contact, and eat away the soft cellular tissue on the 



