NOTES ON COLLECTING. 239 



Lewisham, as late as the last week in June, but these must have 

 produced imagines say by the last week in July, and casual observation 

 has detected none later, yet larv;e must have been there, as I have 

 observed imagines continuously since my return from the Continent 

 (about August 20th) until the present date, one observed quite fresh 

 to-day, September 20th. The questions that arise in my mind are (1) 

 whether these late August and September examples on K. japonicus are 

 a partial second-brood, (2) whether, if so, there is ever a partial second- 

 brood on E. europaeiis, (3) whether this condition has been induced on E. 

 japonicus by the abundance of food, and the fact that this species is 

 evergreen, so that food is forthcoming throughout the year, and that 

 late larvfe have nothing to fear from the falling of the leaves, as in 

 the case of their natural food, FJ. eiiropaens ? It would be interesting 

 to have the actual observations of someone who has really paid 

 attention to the natural history of this species, and who has definite 

 facts bearing on any of these points. If not this year, perhaps next 

 year, these little puzzles may be cleared up. — J. W. Tutt. 



Immigrating Pieris brassice. — On the afternoon of August 1st, 

 while sitting on the end of Eastbourne Pier, I had the pleasure of 

 witnessing an immigration of Pieris brassicae. It was a lovely after- 

 noon, with a fairly strong westerly wind. I had only just arrived 

 from London, and was watching the people landing from the steamer. 

 My thoughts were not on entomology, but the number of P. brasdcae 

 flying about the head of the pier and visiting the flowers on the ladies' 

 hats arrested my attention. Getting no satisfaction from that, they 

 riew towards the shore. Hoping that an immigration was taking 

 place, I waited till the steamer had gone, and then kept a sharp look- 

 out. No sooner had the steamer moved away, than I could see thein 

 coming in from the south-east, flying quite close to the water, each 

 wavelet seeming to produce one or two specimens, and so it kept on 

 till I was forced to leave for tea. As far as I could see on either side 

 of the pier, the same thing was going on, but how long before I 

 arrived or after I left I cannot say, but for the remainder of my 

 fortnight's stay in the town, they swarmed everywhere. I watched 

 some sparrows in a garden busily engaged catching and eating them, 

 when suddenly a flash of yellow and black appeared (a ^ CoUasedusa), 

 hovered over a flower, and was gone, giving a sporting chance to the 

 sparrow, which, although it made an attempt, quite failed to capture it. 

 At Brighton and Newhaven my attention was drawn to the number 

 of /'. brassicae, where they were equally abundant, whereas at Margate 

 they are nothing like as plentiful (August 22nd-28th) as they are in 

 normal years. — C. W. Colthrup, 127, Barry Road, East Dulwich. 

 Au'/iist 28th, 1908. 



CoLiAs EDUSA AT Eastbourne. — I saw two specimeus on August 12th 

 at Eastbourne, and heard of five others being taken. At Margate I 

 saw a freshly-emerged c? on August 24th, and know of nine others 

 being taken up to that date, and one ? . I took three <? s August 28th, 

 and three ^ s August 29th. — C. W. Colthrup. 



Manuijca atropos in Kent. — I had a full-fed larva given me on 

 August 26th at Deal, taken on a potato plant. — C. W. Colthrup. 



Pairing habits of butterflies. — In going over my notes for the 

 last few years, I find the following, which may be of interest : — 



