246 THE entomologist's record. 



a considerable elevation, and with an entirely different flora. These 

 wet spots we, in England, call "mosses," and "bogs," and the one is 

 well-described {FJnt. Bee. vii., pp. 266-7), on which Eobson and Finlay 

 collected in Northumberland, and whence came so many of the 

 examples of " the middle form," so generously distributed by Finlay, 

 that are now in our collections. 



It is well to clear up this point, because C. tiphon is essentially a 

 "moss" or "bog" insect, not in the usually accepted sense a "marsh" 

 species. Newman calls it the " marsh ringlet," but all the localities 

 he quotes are " mosses" and " bogs." The special flora of these bogs, 

 so amazingly peculiar, yet wide-spread in such habitats, is sure to 

 attract attention, and the tall red-headed bog-grass and sedges, the 

 white fruit patches of Eriophorio)!, Gentiana jmemitonanthe, Xartheciuni 

 ossifrafimii, etc., are usually discoverable at a glance. Wheeler gives 

 as foodplants of C. tiphon — Carex,Feiitnca, Bln/ncospora a,nd Eiinjilinriuu. 

 We should be glad of the evidence of the actual rearing of the larva 

 on any species of Carex. On the right sort of ground throughout the 

 whole of Europe, North Asia, and North- Western America, this species 

 is to be found ; off it, if only for a few yards, one fails to find a single 

 specimen ; not that there is not much apparently suitable ground 

 where the species does not appear to occur, but it must have tbis sort 

 of ground if it is to occur. Rather more than three weeks before I 

 wont abroad this summer of 1908, Mr. Muschamp had found the 

 species on the wing in a bog near Staefa, and so hopes of good 

 specimens were not too unduly raised, when, on the morning of July 

 27th, and again on that of July 30th, with Mr. Muschamp as guide, 

 we set out to visit his locality for C. tiphon, in one of the bogs above 

 the north bank of the Ziiricher-See. We went to get other things, but 

 this species was at any rate to be seen alive, and I had not previously 

 seen it. Up the rapidly-rising road one looked back over the wide 

 expanse of the lovely Lake of Ziirich, with the mountains on the other 

 side in the background — up in the hot sun, midst gardens, fields, and 

 orchards, with " swarms " of white butterflies, principally Pieris rapae 

 and P. hrassicae, everywhere. Was ever such a year as 1908 for 

 " white" butterflies in Central Europe? The butterflies in the fields 

 were numerous — but chiefly, even to Britishers, commoners — 

 Pobjomwatiis icarus, Coenonympha pamphilns, Epinephele ianira, with 

 an occasional (Jolias hi/ale, and Af/lais nrticae, and many Lon-eia dorilis, 

 a small summer form, the ? not much flushed with " copper" on the 

 disc of the forewings, although brightly marked on the outer margin, 

 the 3' appearing to be exceptionally dark. Au/fiades suli-aniis occasion- 

 ally occurred, and, then, on the ditch-sides by the side of the path, one 

 came across SAvarms of Enodia hi/pcranthiis, all with strongly marked 

 ocellated spots. A lovely fresh Calliniorpha hera flew across the path 

 and settled on a lucerne flower, evidently the first of the season. Soon 

 a pinewood is reached, and the capture of a large fritillary discloses 

 Drijas paphia, whilst Leptidia sinapis commences to be exceedingly 

 common, and a most interesting observation on the egglaying of the 

 species being made here increases our interest. An opening into 

 the wood discloses a great bed of flowering thistles, but nothing 

 thereon except a single Pyrameis atalanta, a great disappoint- 

 ment. From the rough herbage, a little Pyralid came up 

 in numbers as one walked through it, whilst a single Merri- 



