1910.] 87 



extremes are connected by all possible intermediate forms, nor does 

 sex appear to be responsible for any of the differences in question. It 

 may be as well to mention (1) that the range in size is from 20 mm. 

 to 24 mm. ; (2) that some individuals are much lighter and more 

 ferruginous than others ; (3) that every gradation occurs in shape 

 between the unusually broad fore-wing, much squared behind, and 

 with the anal angle conspicuously filled out, and the decidedly 

 narrower, and much less truncate, one ; (4) that the first line is 

 always more or less straight, though somewhat bent inwards on the 

 costa, but is, at the same time, always more or less obliquely placed, 

 individuals, however, differing noticeably in this respect ; (5) that the 

 first line and the one just outside it vary greatly in breadth and 

 character, and, to some extent, in colour. With regard to this last 

 point, the majority of specimens have a black first line followed 

 immediately by a red line, both lines consisting of raised scales, of 

 which the red ones are the longer and overtop the others. But every 

 intermediate form occurs between the one extreme, in which the black 

 line is exceptionally broad and includes all the raised scales, there 

 being no red ones at all, but only some flat dark ones outside it, and 

 the other extreme, in which the black line is reduced almost to the 

 vanishing point, and the red line assumes abnormal breadth and 

 includes nearly all the raised scales. 



A. tumidana, S.V., must not be confused with its close ally 

 A. zelleri, Eag., which has no transverse bar of raised scales on the 

 fore- wing, and is generally known in Britain under its synonym 

 tumidella, Zk. Barrett, in Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, xiv, 165, advocated 

 the retention of the latter appellation for it, failing to see the necessity 

 for Eagonot's judicious action (loc. cit.J in re-naming it zelleri. In 

 colom-, size, and shape of wing, zelleri varies to fully the same extent 

 as tumidana. 



In Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, xiv, 164-166, Barrett makes no 

 reference to the larva of either of his two reputed species, but in 

 Lep. Brit. Isl., x, 11, he says of A. verrucella, "Larva and pupa not 

 certainly known," while, on page 13, he remarlis, with regard to 

 A. rubrotibiella, " I think that we have no definite knowledge of the 

 laiwa or pupa." No reliance, however, should be placed on these 

 statements, for the larvae A. tumidana, S.V. .( = verrucella, Hb. = 

 rubrotibiella, F.E.), have been recorded by Kaltenbach [Pflanz. Klas. 

 Insek., 657, no. 315 (1874)] as hving together in a web spim between 

 oak-leaves, in the beginning of June, and various other authors, e.g., 

 Sorhageu, Eagonot, &c., give oak as the food-plant. In Ent. Mo. 



