Cliap. 46.] DIFFEEENT KINDS OF WINDS. ^3 



winds with more minuteness tlian perhaps might otherwise 

 appear suitable to my undertaking. 



CHAP. 46. (47.) — THE DIFFEEENT KINDS OF WINDS\ 



The ancients reckoned only four winds (nor indeed does 

 Homer mention more") corresponding to the four parts of 

 the world ; a very poor reason, as we now consider it. The 

 next generation added eight others, but this was too refined 

 and minute a di^dsion ; the moderns have taken a middle 

 course, and, out of this great number, have added four to the 

 original set. There are, therefore, two in each of the four 

 quarters of the heavens. From the equinoctial rising of the 

 sun^ proceeds Subsolanus'*, and, from his brumal rising, Yul- 

 turnus^ ; the former is named by the G-reeks Apeliotes^, the 

 latter Eurus. From the south we have Auster, and from the 

 brumal setting of the sun, Africus ; these were named Notes 



^ In his account and nomenclatui'e of the winds, Pliny has, for the 

 most part, followed Aristotle, Meteor. Hb. ii. cap. 4. pp. 558-560, and 

 cap. 6. pp. 563-565. The description of the diiierent winds by Seneca 

 is not Yerj different, but where it does not coincide with Aristotle's, our 

 author has generally prefen-ed the former ; see Nat. Qusest. Hb. 5. We 

 have an account of the different winds, as prevaihng at particular sea- 

 sons, m Ptolemy, De Judiciis Astrol. 1. 9. For the nomenclature and 

 directions of the wdnds, we may refer to the remarks of Hardouin, Le- 

 mahe, i. 328 et seq. 2 Odyss. v. 295, 296. 



3 In giving names to the different wuids, the author designates the 

 points of the compass whence they proceed, by the place where the sun 

 rises or sets, at the different periods of the year. The followmg are the 

 terms which he employs : — " Oriens sequinoctiahs," the place where the 

 sun rises at the eqviinox, i. e. the East. " Oriens brumahs," where he 

 rises on the shortest day, the S.E. " Occasus brumahs," where he sets 

 on the shortest day, the S.W. " Occasus a?quinoctiahs," where he sets 

 at the equinox, the W. " Occasus solstitiahs," where he sets on the 

 longest day, the N.W. "Exortus solstitiahs," where he rises on the 

 longest day, the N.E. " Inter septemtrionem et occasum solstitialem," 

 between N. and N.W., N.N.W. " Inter aqiulonem et exortum aequi- 

 noctialem," between N. and N.E., N.N.E. " Inter ortura brumalem et 

 meridiem," between S. and S.E., S.S.E. " Inter meridiem et hybcrnum 

 occidentem," between S. and.S.W., S.S.W. 



^ " Quod sub sole nasci videtyr." 



^ This name was probably derived from the town Yultumum in Cam- 

 pania. 



^ Seneca informs us, that what the Latins name Subsolanus, is named 

 by the Greeks 'A^qXiwr^js ; Quast. Nat. hb. 5. § 16. p. 76 i. 



