Chap. 113.] FOEEIG>' AUTHOES QUOTED. 149 



rean^ Pliilosophers, Posidoniiis-, Anaximander^, Epigenes^ 

 tlie philosopher who ^vi^ote on Gnomonics, Euclid^ Coera- 

 uus^ the philosopher, Eiidoxus'', Democritus^, Critodemus^ 

 Thrasylliis'", Serapion^^ Dicaearchus^', Archimedes ^^, Onesi- 



^ "Pythagoricis" here may cither mean the works of the followers of 

 Pythagoras of Samos, or the books which were written by that philoso- 

 pher. Pliny, in Books 19, 20, and 24, speaks of several \vTituags of Py- 

 thagoras, and Diogenes Laertius mentions others ; but it is more gene- 

 rally supposed that he wrote nothing, and that everything that passed by 

 his name in ancient times was spurious. 



2 A Stoic philosopher of Apamea in Syria. He was the mstructor of 

 Cicero, and the friend of Pompey. He wrote works on history, divina- 

 tion, the tides, and the nature of the gods. Some fragments only have 

 survived. 



3 Of Miletus, was born B.C. 610, and was the successor of Thales, the 

 fomider of the Ionian school of philosophy. He is said to have first 

 taught the obhquity of the echptic and the use of the gnomon. 



^ A philosopher of Rhodes or Byzantium. Seneca says that he boasted 

 of havuig studied astronomy among the Chaldeans. He is mentioned by 

 Yarro and Colmnella as having written on rural matters, and is praised 

 by Censorinus. 



* Of Alexandria, thr> great geometrician, and instructor of Ptolemy I. 

 He was the founder o. the mathematical school of Alesandi'ia. 



^ He was a Greek by bfrth, and hved in the time of Nero. He is 

 extolled by Tacitus, B. 14, for his superlative wisdom, beyond which 

 notlung is known of him. 



7 Of Cnidus, an astronomer and legislator who flourished B.C. 366. He 

 was a fr'iend and disciple of Plato, and said to have been the first who 

 taught in Greece the motions of the planets. His works on astronomy 

 and geometry are lost, but his Phsenomena have been preserved by Aratus, 

 who turned his prose into verse. 



8 Bora at Abdera in Thrace, about B.C. 460. He was one of the founders 

 of the atomic theoi*y, and looked upon peace of mind as thesummnm honum 

 of mortals. He wi-ote works on the natm-e and organization of the world, 

 on physics, on contagious maladies, on the chameleon, andon other subjects. 



^ A Grecian astronomer. A work of his, called " Apotelesmatica," is 

 said to be presei-ved in the Imperial Library at Vienna. 



1° An astrologer of Rhodes, patronized by Augustus and Tiberius. He 

 wrote a work on Stones, and a History of Egypt. Tacitus, in his 'Annals, 

 B. vi., speaks highly of his skill in astrology. 



^^ A geogi'apher of Antioch, and an opponent of the views of Erato- 

 sthenes. Cicero declares that he liimseli" was unable to miderstand a 

 thousandth part of liis work. 



^2 A Peripatetic philoso})her and geographer, of Messuia in Sicily. He 

 studied vmder Aristotle and wrote several works, the principal of which 

 was an account of the history, geogi-aphy, and moral and rehgious con- 

 dition of Greece. A few fragments only arc extant. 



^3 Of Syracuse, the most famous mathematician of antiquity, born B.C. 



