Chap. 3.] ACCOTJNT OF COTJISTTEIES, &C. 155 



cipal towns ^ ; twentj-nine have been long since presented with 

 tlie old Latin rights' ; six are free towns^, three federate^, 

 and 120 tributary. 



In this district, the things that more especially deserve no- 

 tice, or are more easUy explained in the Latin tongue, are the 

 following, beginning at the river Ana, along the line of the sea- 

 shore ; the town of Onoba, surnamed ^stuaria^ ; the rivers 

 Luxia and Urium^, flowing through this territory between 

 the Ana and the Ba3tis ; the Marian' Mountains ; the river 

 Bsetis ; the coast of Corum^, \\dth its winding bay ; opposite 



^ " Mmiicipia." These were towns in conquered countries which were 

 not founded by the Romans, but whose inhabitants retaiued their original 

 institutions, at the same time receiving certain of the rights of Roman 

 citizens ; most frequently, immunity to a greater or less degi'ee from 

 payment of tribute. 



2 " Latiiim ;" also called " Jus Latii " and " Latinitas." This was the 

 name given to those cfrcumscribed or limited rights as Roman citizens 

 wliich were at fii'st bestowed upon the conquered states of Italy, before 

 the time of the Social War. Indeed the Latinus held a kind of inter- 

 mediate state between the Civis Romanus with aU his rights, and the 

 peregrinus or foreigner with all liis disabilities. These Latin rights were 

 afterwards extended to the people of other countries, but retained their 

 original name. 



3 The free towns were those, the inhabitants of which were at hberty 

 to enjoy their ancient institutions and modes of internal government, 

 though at the same time they enjoyed none of the privileges of Roman 

 citizens. 



■* " Foederati civitates ; " the inhabitants of wliich were called ' foederati' 

 or ' socii.' They were in alliance with the Romans, but in some cases 

 paid them tribute in the same manner as the ' stipendiaria ' next men- 

 tioned. In some instances they also enjoyed the Latin rights. 



^ From the numerous creeks or a;stuaries with which the coast is here 

 indented. Commentators are at a loss for the site of the town of 

 Onoba (or Ossonoba accorduig to some readings). D'AnviUe considers 

 it to be the same with the present town of Moguer ; other commentators 

 have suggested Gibraleon, and the vicinity of Palos. 



^ The Odiel and the Tinto ; the Urium being supposed to be the same 

 with the Tinto of the present day. 



7 Some readings have " Hai'eiii montes," and others " Arense montes," 

 the " mountains of sand." There is no doubt that the sandy heights or 

 downis on this coast are here meant, which are called at the present day 

 " Dunes " by the French, and by the natives " Arenas gordas." 



s Probably the hue of sea-shore between Roia and the city of Cadiz, 

 skirting the Bay of Cadiz. Hardoum however thinks that the coast 

 between the Guadalquivir and the Guadalote is meant, now occupied in 

 part by the town of San Lucar de Barameda. 



