Cliap. 3.] ACCOUNT OF COUNTEIES, ETC. 161 



named Augusta Firma, at which phice it becomes navigable. 

 The other colonies in this jurisdiction which are exempt from 

 tribute are Tucci, surnamed Augusta Gemella\ Itucci called 

 Virtus Julia-, Attubi or Claritas Juha^jUrso"* or GenuaUrba- 

 norum ; and among them in former times Munda^, which was 

 taken with the son of Pompey. The free towns are Old As- 

 tigi^ and Ostippo^ ; the tributary towns are Callet, Callecula, 

 Castra Gemina, the Lesser Ilipula, Merucra, Sacrana, Obul- 

 cula^, and Oningis. As you move away from the sea-coast, 

 near where the river Menoba is navigable, you find, at no 

 great distance, the Alontigiceli and the Alostigi^. 



The country which extends from the Bsetis to the river 

 Anas, beyond the districts already described, is called Bfe- 

 turia, and is divided into two parts and the same number of 

 nations ; the Celtici^", who border upon Lusitania, in the ju- 



1 The site of this place is unknown. It probably obtained its name 

 from being a colony of one of the legions, the 7th, 10th, 13th or 14th ; 

 which were caUed ' gemmae ' or ' gemellse,' from being composed of the 

 men of two legions originally. 



2 " The Yalom* of Juhus." Sanson places it not far from Miragcnil. 



3 '• The Fame of Juhus." Perhaps the present OUvera, or else Teba, 

 six leagues to the south of Estepa. 



^ The present city of Ossuna. " Genua ITrbanorum " would seem to 

 mean " the knees of the citizens." Though all the MSS. agree in this read- 

 ing, it probably is an en-or for " gemina Urbanorum," and it may liave been 

 a colony of one of the legions called ' geminse ' or ' gemelke,' as previously 

 mentioned. The other part of its appellation may possibly have originated 

 in the fact of its first inhabitants being all natives of the city of Rome. 



° The use of the word /m/^, 'was,' impUes that the place had been 

 destroyed. Cneius Pompeius, the eldest son of Pompey the Great, was 

 defeated at Munda, in the year B.C. 45, and the town destroyed. Pom- 

 pey escaped from the battle, but was taken a short time after and 

 put to death. The site of the ancient town is very generally supposed 

 to be the modern village of Monda, S.W. of Malaga, and about thi-ee 

 leagues from the sea. It is more probable however that it was in the 

 vicinity of Cordova, and tliere are ruins of ancient walls and towers be- 

 tween Martos, Alcandete, Espejo and Baena, wliich are supposed to denote 

 its site. 



^'Now Alameda ; eight leagues from the other Astiji or Ecija. 



7 Now Estepa, six leagues from Ecija. 



8 Perhaps Mancloua, between the towns of Ecija and Carmona ; the 

 sites of all the other places here mentioned appear to be quite unknown. 



^ Sanson supposes the Alostigi to have inliabitcd the territory near 

 Ahnagia, between Malaga and Antiqueira. 



1" The Celtici are supposed to have inhabited the country between tlie 

 VOL. I. M 



