168 Pliny's natueal history. [Book III. 



G-essorienses^ and tlie Teari^, also called Julienses. Among 

 the tributaries are the Aquicaldenses^, the Onenses, and the 

 Baeculonenses*. 



Caesar Augusta, a free colony, watered by the river Iberus, 

 on the site of the town formerly called Salduba, is situate in 

 the district of Edetania, and is the resort of fifty-five nations. 

 Of these there are, with the rights of Eoman citizens, the 

 Bellitani*, the Celsenses®, a former colony, the Calagurritani'', 

 surnamed the Nassici, the Ilerdenses^, of the nation of the 

 Surdaones, near whom is the river Sicoris, the Oscenses^ in 

 the district of Vescitania, and the Turiasonenses^*'. Of those 

 enjoying the rights of the ancient Latins, there are the 

 Cascantenses",theErgavicenses^^, the Grraccuritani^^,theLeo- 



^ They are nowhere else mentioned. Ukert supposes that their city 

 stood in the district between the Sicoris and Nucaria. 



2 Their city was Tiara Juha. 



3 The people of Aquae CaUdse or the ' Hot Springs,' called at the pre- 

 sent day Caldes, four leagues from the city of Barcelona. 



'* Ptolemy places Bsecula between Ausa and G-erunda. 



* The people of the present Belchite. 



^ The people of the present Xelsa, on the Ebro. 



7 The inhabitants of Calagurris, now Calahorra, a city of the Vascones, 

 on the banks of the Ebro. They remained faitliful to Sertorius to the last, 

 and after slaughtering their wives and cluldren and eating their flesh, their 

 city was taken and destroyed ; which event put an end to the Sertorian 

 war. It was called " Nassica," in contradistinction to Calagurris Fibularia, 

 which is afterwards mentioned by Pliny. The latter is mentioned by 

 Caesar as forming one community with Osca (now Huesca), and was pro- 

 bably the present Loarre, though some writers take the first-named Cala- 

 gurris to be that place, and the latter one to be the present Calahorra. 



^ The people of Ilerda, the present Lerida, on the Sicoris or Segre. It 

 is memorable for its siege by Caesar, when the Pompeian forces under 

 Afranius and Petreius had retired thither. It was a most flourisliing city, 

 though in the times of the later Roman emperors it had fallen into decay. 



^ The people of the present Huesca. 



^° The inhabitants of Turiazo, the present Tarazona, five leagues south 

 of Tudela. 



^^ The people of Cascantum, the present town of Cascante in Navarre. 



^2 The people of Ergavica. Its ruins, at the confluence of the Guadiela 

 and Tagus, are stUl to be seen, and are called Santaver. By some writers 

 this place is considered to be the same as the modern Fraga, on the river 

 Cinca, five leagues from Lerida. 



'^ The people of G-raccuris. Its former name of Ilurcis was changed 

 in honour of Sempronius Gracchus, who placed new settlers there after 

 the conquest of Celtiberia. It is supposed to be the same as the modem, 

 Agreda, four leagues from Tarazona. 



