Chap. 6.] ACCOrNT OF COUNTEIES, ETC. 183 



ing on for the purpose of giving a general description of 

 everything tliat is known to exist tlironghout the wliole earth. 

 I may premise by observing that this hind very much re- 

 sembles in shape an oak leaf, being much longer tlian it is 

 broad ; towards the top it incHnes to the left', wldle it termi- 

 nates in the form of an Amazonian buckler"*', in w hich the spot 

 at the central projection is the place called Cocinthos, while it 

 sends forth two horns at the end of its crescent-shaped bays, 

 Leucopetra on the right and Lacinium on the left. It ex- 

 tends in length 1020 miles, if we measure from the foot of 

 the Alps at Prsetoria Augusta, through the city of Home and 

 Capua to the town of Khegium, which is situate on the 

 shoulder of the Peninsula, just at the bend of the neck as it 

 were. The distance would be much greater if measured to 

 Lacinium, but in that case the line, being draw^n obliquely, 

 would incline too much to one side. Its breadth is variable ; 

 being 410 miles between the two seas, the Lower and ihe 

 Upper^, and the rivers Varus andArsia"* : at about the middle, 

 and in the vicinity of the city of Rome, from the spot where 

 the river Aternus^ flows into the Adriatic sea, *:i tlie mouth 

 of the Tiber, the distance is 136 miles, and a little less from 

 Castrum-novum on the Adriatic sea to Alsium" on the Tus- 

 can ; but in no place does it exceed 200 miles in breadth. 



^ The comparison of its shape to an oak leaf Bsenis rather fanciful ; 

 more common-place observers have comj)ared it to a boot : by the top 

 (cacumen) he seems to mean the soutliern part of Calabria about iJrun- 

 disium and Tarentum ; which, to a person facing the south, would in- 

 cUne to the coast of Epirus on the left hand. 



- The ' Parma' or shiold here alluded to, would be one shaped like a 

 crescent, Avith the exception tliat the inner or concave side wouUl be 

 formed of two crescents, the extremities of whicli join at the central jiro- 

 jection. He says that Cocmthos (now Capo di Stilo) would in such 

 case form the central projection, while Lacinium (now Capo deUe Colonnc) 

 ■would form the horn at the extreme right, and Leucopetra (now Capo 

 deU' Armi) the horn on the extreme left. 



3 The Tuscan or Etrurian sea, and the Adriatic. 



■* The Varus, as already mcntionod, was in Gallia Narbonensis, while the 

 Arsia, now the Arsa, is a small river of Istria, which became the boundary 

 between Italy and lllyricum, when Istria was annexed by order of Au- 

 gustus to the former country. It flows into the Flanaticus Sinus, now 

 Golfo di Quamero, on the eastern coast of Istria, beyond the town of 

 Castel Nuovo, formerly Nesactium. * Now the Pescara. 



^ Now Palo, a city on the coast of Etruria, eighteen miles from Portua 

 Augusti, at the mouth of the Tiber. 



